{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T06:07:56Z","timestamp":1783836476659,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus (VCLE) is a rare autoimmune disease in dogs and is considered the canine counterpart of human subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying VCLE remain incompletely defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective\/Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterise gene expression changes in lesional skin from dogs with VCLE and identify immune pathways involved in disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six client\u2010owned dogs with clinically and histopathologically confirmed VCLE, and five healthy control dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded lesional and control skin samples were analysed using the NanoString nCounter Canine Immuno\u2010Oncology Panel, targeting 780 immune\u2010related genes. Data were normalised using geNorm\u2010selected housekeeping genes. Differential expression, cell type profiling and pathway enrichment analyses were also performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Principal component analysis showed clear separation between VCLE and healthy control samples. A total of 491 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 439 upregulated and 52 downregulated genes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010adj &lt;\u20090.05). Lesional skin showed marked upregulation of interferon\u2010stimulated genes (\n                      <jats:italic>CXCL10, IDO1, ISG15, IFIT1<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), cytotoxic molecules (\n                      <jats:italic>GZMB, PRF1, FASLG<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), pro\u2010inflammatory chemokines (\n                      <jats:italic>CXCL8, CCL3, CCL4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and S100 family markers (\n                      <jats:italic>S100A12, S100A9, S100A8<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). Downregulated genes included\n                      <jats:italic>DLA\u2010DQB1, ERBB4, CCL27, GATA3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>RORC<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Cell type profiling demonstrated enrichment of CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells, cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Pathway enrichment analysis identified activation of interferon signalling, Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK\u2013STAT) signalling, chemotaxis and cytotoxic immune pathways.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VCLE lesions feature a dominant interferon\u2010stimulated gene signature, with downstream activation of JAK\u2013STAT signalling and cytotoxic lymphocyte\u2010mediated immune responses, suggesting that interferon and JAK\u2013STAT signalling are potential therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.70084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T23:00:30Z","timestamp":1778540430000},"page":"478-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microarray Gene Expression Analysis of Lesional Skin in Canine Vesicular Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (\n                    <scp>VCLE<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2323-0608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Treasa","family":"Clifford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Veterinary Dermatology and Ear Clinic  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0746-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"W. Stranahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"J. Wiener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboklin GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5451-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Kelly","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Dermatology Group Inc  Las Vegas Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4519-5100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4785-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frane","family":"Banovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia 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