{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:55:44Z","timestamp":1790646944790,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":206,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a genetically, aetiologically, immunologically and clinically complex disease requiring both individualised immediate and long\u2010term management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These updated guidelines from the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA) aim to substantially revise previous recommendations by organising treatment according to mechanism\u2010of\u2010action and by distinguishing two therapeutic phases: reactive therapy to resolve existing pruritus and skin lesions, followed by proactive therapy to maintain remission and reduce flares.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The literature was reviewed and recommendations are based, where possible, on randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews, with evidence graded using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy. The guidelines review skin barrier care, antimicrobial and microbiome\u2010modulating interventions, avoidance of nonallergenic and allergenic flare factors, allergen\u2010specific immunotherapy, and anti\u2010inflammatory, antipruritic and immunomodulatory treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rapid\u2010acting broad\u2010spectrum drugs, particularly glucocorticoids, are recommended for reactive treatment. Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors and lokivetmab may be effective depending on lesion type, severity and inflammatory complexity. Secondary infections and flare factors must be addressed. Proactive management essential to prevent repeated cycles of inflammation may include skin barrier support, infection control, allergen avoidance, allergen immunotherapy, topical glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, lokivetmab or JAK inhibitors, selected according to the patient's disease pattern and response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A number of interventions are suitable for the treatment of cAD. Interventions are neither universally required, interchangeable nor effective in all cases. Treatment selection should take into account efficacy, safety, practicality, cost, the quality\u2010of\u2010life of both dog and owner, and the legal regulations applicable in the country of use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.70128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:01:38Z","timestamp":1790643698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: Updated Guidelines From the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (\n                    <scp>ICADA<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5835-5910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf S.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4785-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frane","family":"Banovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia  Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0404-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Bensignor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatoveto, Dermatology Referral Service (Paris)  Rennes\u2010Cesson France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4893-4289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7412-9398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Nuttall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute  Midlothian UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2010.00889.x","article-title":"Treatment of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: 2010 Clinical Practice Guidelines From the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"21","author":"Olivry T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0514-6","article-title":"Treatment of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: 2015 Updated Guidelines From the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals (ICADA)","volume":"11","author":"Olivry T.","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2012.01088.x","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials for Prevention or Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Dogs: 2008\u20102011 Update","volume":"24","author":"Olivry T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00784.x","article-title":"Interventions for Atopic Dermatitis in Dogs: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"21","author":"Olivry T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3164.2003.00335.x","article-title":"Evidence\u2010Based Veterinary Dermatology: A Systematic Review of the Pharmacotherapy of Canine Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"14","author":"Olivry T.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.17.1.59","article-title":"Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): A Patient\u2010Centered Approach to Grading Evidence in the Medical Literature","volume":"17","author":"Ebell M. 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