{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:56:20Z","timestamp":1790556980836,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Dermatology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bovine skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant neoplasm in cattle triggered by sunlight exposure. Immune escape drives tumour survival and progression. Previous findings in humans have emphasised the prognostic value of immune checkpoint marker (PDL\u20101), major histocompatibility complex (MHC\u20101) and cytotoxic CD8 T cells in the context of cancer immune escape.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We examined the distribution of CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells and the possible immune\u2010escape mechanisms of SCC in relation to PD\u2010L1 and MHC\u20101 expression and correlated marker expression with tumour grade.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty samples of bovine skin SCC were collected between 2025 and 2026.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histopathological evaluation, including grading, was performed on SCC samples. Immunohistochemical examination was performed for all three proteins in relation to histological grade, substantiated by the mRNA levels of MHC\u20101 and PD\u2010L1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We observed a significant relationship between PD\u2010L1 expression and grade, increasing from 33% in well\u2010differentiated SCC to 100% in moderately and poorly differentiated SCC. PD\u2010L1 mRNA levels in well\u2010 and moderately differentiated SCC remained comparable, whereas poorly differentiated SCC exhibited a significant upregulation. MHC\u20101 showed a significant grade\u2010dependent decline, decreasing from 83% in well differentiated to complete loss in poorly differentiated. This progressive protein loss was corroborated at the transcriptional level. High CD8 T\u2010cell levels were observed in 83% of well\u2010differentiated SCC, with complete absence in poorly differentiated SCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study emphasises the importance of PD\u2010L1, MHC\u20101 and CD8 T\u2010cell biomarkers as prognostic indicators in SCC. High PD\u2010L1, low MHC\u20101 and CD8 represent potential immune\u2010escape mechanisms for bovine SCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.70130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:26:02Z","timestamp":1790555162000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dissemination of T Lymphocytes and Potential Immune\u2010Escape Mechanisms of Bovine Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma Regarding\n                    <scp>MHC<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 and\n                    <scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>L1<\/scp>\n                    Expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9965-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabah M.","family":"Sameen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Mosul  Mosul Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9785-3074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waseem","family":"Al\u2010Jameel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Mosul  Mosul Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"An Overview on the Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cattle","volume":"46","author":"Mukeshbhai G. 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