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Labrador and Golden Retrievers are predisposed to this condition. Prior or concurrent lameness is described in 9\u201328% cases. Historical presentations include acute progressive protein\u2010losing nephropathy with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, tubular necrosis\/regeneration, and interstitial nephritis, but possibly milder forms exist. Complications include thromboembolic events, hypertension, effusive disease, and oliguric\/anuric renal failure. Diagnostic tests help stage disease and rule out other causes. Renal biopsy is advocated early, when intervention may help, and to prove if immune\u2010complex disease exists. Treatment includes standard therapy for protein\u2010losing nephropathy, long\u2010term antimicrobials, and perhaps immunosuppressive therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is no experimental model of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content>to study predisposing factors, pathogenesis, onset, progression, treatment, or prevention. There are no predictive tests to identify the few individuals at highest risk, therefore all seropositive dogs should be screened and monitored for proteinuria.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>yme nephritis mimics other forms of protein\u2010losing nephropathy and sometimes<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>eptospirosis. Renal biopsy helps show if immune\u2010complex disease exists, but may not prove<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LN<\/jats:styled-content>specifically. More studies are warranted on dogs with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">L<\/jats:styled-content>yme\u2010specific immune\u2010complex deposition to evaluate risk factors, understand pathogenesis, variability of expression, and to validate treatment and prevention protocols.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]],"date-time":"2013-03-05T17:45:02Z","timestamp":1362505502000},"page":"163-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Lyme nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Meryl P.","family":"Littman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2013Philadelphia University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia PA 19104\u20106010"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(03)00037-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1988.193.02.237","article-title":"Renal lesions associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in the dog","volume":"193","author":"Grauer GF","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1987.191.09.1089","article-title":"Clinical and serologic studies of canine borreliosis","volume":"191","author":"Magnarelli LA","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.07.1064","article-title":"Persistence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs on New York and Connecticut","volume":"196","author":"Magnarelli LA","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.194.11.1521","article-title":"Taking a hard look at Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"194","author":"Frank JC","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.200.03.344","article-title":"Relationship between development of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and the subsequent development of limb\/joint borreliosis","volume":"200","author":"Levy SA","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589703400201"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","unstructured":"SandersNA.Canine \u2018\u2018Lyme nephritis.\u2019\u2019 Proc 18th ACVIM Forum 2000;627\u2013628."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","first-page":"868","volume-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"Goldstein RE","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","unstructured":"GoldsteinRE.Current understanding of Lyme nephropathy. 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