{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T10:43:59Z","timestamp":1771065839219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>To review the pathogenesis, as well as the clinical and pathologic features of canine glomerular diseases caused by genetic typeIV<\/jats:styled-content>collagen defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Data Sources<\/jats:title>Original studies and review articles from human and veterinary medical fields.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Human Data Synthesis<\/jats:title>Presence in glomerular basement membranes (GBM<\/jats:styled-content>) of a network composed of \u03b13.\u03b14.\u03b15 heterotrimers of typeIV<\/jats:styled-content>collagen is required to maintain structure and function of glomerular capillary walls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Veterinary Data Synthesis<\/jats:title>Hereditary nephropathy (HN<\/jats:styled-content>) is the most commonly used name for kidney diseases that occur in dogs due to genetic typeIV<\/jats:styled-content>collagen abnormalities. To date, 4 different collagenIV<\/jats:styled-content>gene mutations have been identified in dogs withHN<\/jats:styled-content>; 2 areCOL<\/jats:styled-content>4A<\/jats:styled-content>5<\/jats:italic>mutations that causeX<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010linkedHN<\/jats:styled-content>(XL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HN<\/jats:styled-content>), and 2 areCOL<\/jats:styled-content>4A<\/jats:styled-content>4<\/jats:italic>mutations that cause autosomal recessiveHN<\/jats:styled-content>(AR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HN<\/jats:styled-content>). Affected males withXL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HN<\/jats:styled-content>and affected males and females withAR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HN<\/jats:styled-content>develop juvenile\u2010onset kidney disease manifested by proteinuria typically starting at 3\u20136 months of age and followed by progressive kidney disease leading to terminal failure usually at 6\u201324 months of age. Carrier female dogs withXL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010HN<\/jats:styled-content>also develop proteinuria starting at 3\u20136 months of age, but progressive disease causing kidney failure is uncommon until they are >5 years old. The distinctive pathologic lesions ofHN<\/jats:styled-content>are extensive multilaminar splitting and thickening of theGBM<\/jats:styled-content>, as demonstrated by electron microscopy, and abnormal typeIV<\/jats:styled-content>collagen \u03b1\u2010chain content of basement membranes, as demonstrated by immunolabeling. Identification of the underlying gene mutations has permitted genetic testing and selective breeding practices that currently are minimizingHN<\/jats:styled-content>in breeds known to be at risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>CanineHN<\/jats:styled-content>is a rare disease that should be considered whenever a dog exhibits a juvenile\u2010onset kidney disease characterized partly by proteinuria, but highly specialized methods are required to pursue a definitive diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T19:01:03Z","timestamp":1362596463000},"page":"184-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Kidney diseases caused by glomerular basement membrane typeIV<\/scp>collagen defects in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"George E.","family":"Lees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843\u20104474"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000320876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20564"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-003-0082-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.3989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-002-2253-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02981.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00888.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00062.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"The pathology of renal cortical hypoplasia in the dog","volume":"9","author":"Krook L","year":"1957","journal-title":"Nord Vet\u2010Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547332","article-title":"Renal cortical hypoplasia in dogs: a clinical study on uraemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism","volume":"2","author":"Persson F","year":"1961","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"547","article-title":"Die kongenitale nierenrindenhypoplasie beim bunten cocker\u2010spaniel","volume":"107","author":"Freudiger U","year":"1965","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilk"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1979.tb15273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1984.tb00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1985.tb07253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.1985.35166"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"[Familial nephropathy in cocker spaniels]","volume":"96","author":"Koeman JP","year":"1989","journal-title":"DTW Deutsche tierarztliche Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1997.tb00077.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-34-3-189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00188.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.127.3.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.38"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"536","article-title":"Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy (SHG). 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