{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:32:16Z","timestamp":1778279536184,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":54,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a case of spontaneous epistaxis in a cat with type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) and detail the successful management of hemorrhagic episodes on 2 occasions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 3.6 kg, 1\u2010year\u2010old, female mixed\u2010breed domestic long\u2010haired cat presented for spontaneous epistaxis. Hemostasis testing at presentation revealed normal prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, a slightly decreased platelet count of 168 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L [168 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/\u03bcL] (reference interval 200\u2013500 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\/L [200\u2013500 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\/\u03bcL]) and prolonged buccal mucosal bleeding time of 168 seconds (reference interval &lt;150 s). Specific activities of coagulation factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII were all within reference intervals. Plasma von Willebrand factor concentration, however, was markedly reduced at &lt;0.1% of normal. These findings are compatible with a diagnosis of severe type 3 VWD. The initial occurrence of epistaxis resolved spontaneously soon after admission; however, the cat required a packed RBC transfusion for blood loss anemia. Desmopressin acetate was administered, but failed to arrest hemorrhage during a second episode of epistaxis 12 months later. The second episode was successfully controlled by transfusion of 6.7 mL\/kg feline fresh frozen plasma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>New and unique information<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first description of severe type 3 VWD in a domestic cat and only the second report of VWD in this species. Unlike human beings and primates with type 3 VWD, the affected cat did not have a concomitant deficiency of coagulation factor VIII or consistent prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time. Clinicians should therefore include VWD in the list of differentials for cats with signs of abnormal hemorrhage and confirm the diagnosis with specific measurement of plasma von Willebrand factor concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T08:28:52Z","timestamp":1403598532000},"page":"326-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Recurrent hemorrhage caused by type 3 von Willebrand disease in a domestic long\u2010haired cat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kimberly N.","family":"Bebar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cape Cod Veterinary Specialists 11 Bourne Bridge Approach Buzzards Bay MA 02532"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Sinnott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cape Cod Veterinary Specialists 11 Bourne Bridge Approach Buzzards Bay MA 02532"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjory B.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.68.827"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.1988.tb00479.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"708","article-title":"Prolonged bleeding time of Chediak\u2010Higashi cats corrected by platelet transfusion","volume":"6","author":"Cowles BE","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb Haemos"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01971529108055078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"420","article-title":"A multi\u2010species enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay for von Willebrand's factor","volume":"119","author":"Benson RE","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"Type\u20103 von Willebrand's disease in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"52","author":"Patterson MM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.200.08.1123","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of von Willebrand's disease in Doberman Pinschers, Scottish Terriers, and Shetland Sheepdogs: 260 cases (1984\u20131988)","volume":"200","author":"Brooks MB","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Porcine and canine von Willebrand factor and von Willebrand disease: hemostasis, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis studies","volume":"46","author":"Nichols TC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thrombosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beha.2001.0133"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.02146.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"On Line Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM #277480)http:\/\/omim.org\/entry\/277480(accessed March 5 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"causing von Willebrand's disease in Scottish Terriers","volume":"14","author":"Venta PJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.197.10.1342","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of a severe form of von Willebrand disease in Shetland sheepdogs","volume":"197","author":"Raymond SL","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615197","article-title":"Identification of mutations in the canine von Willebrand factor gene associated with type III von Willebrand disease","volume":"80","author":"Rieger M","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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