{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T14:25:37Z","timestamp":1774880737595,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]],"date-time":"2014-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the traditional (HH) and quantitative approaches used for the evaluation of the acid\u2013base balance in hypoalbuminemic dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>ICU of a veterinary teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and five client\u2010owned dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Jugular venous blood samples were collected from each patient on admission to determine: total plasma protein (TP), albumin (Alb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (Glu), hematocrit (HCT), Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Cl<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>, K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, phosphate (P<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>), pH, PvCO<jats:sub>2,<\/jats:sub>bicarbonate (HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>), anion gap (AG), adjusted anion gap for albumin (AG<jats:sub>alb<\/jats:sub>) or phosphate (AG<jats:sub>alb\u2010phos<\/jats:sub>), standardized base excess (SBE), strong ion difference (SID), concentration of nonvolatile weak buffers (A<jats:sub>tot<\/jats:sub>), and strong ion gap (SIG). Patients were divided in 2 groups according to the severity of the hypoalbuminemia: mild (Alb = 21\u201325 g\/L) and severe (Alb \u226420 g\/L). All parameters were compared among groups. Patients with severe hypoalbuminemia showed significant decrease in TP (P = 0.011), A<jats:sub>tot<\/jats:sub>(P = 0.050), and a significant increase in adjusted AG (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.048) and the magnitude of SIG (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.011) compared to animals with mild hypoalbuminemia.<\/jats:p><jats:p>According to the HH approach, the most frequent imbalances were simple disorders (51.4%), primarily metabolic acidosis (84.7%) associated with a high AG acidosis. However, when using the quantitative method, 58.1% of patients had complex disorders, with SIG acidosis (74.3%) and A<jats:sub>tot<\/jats:sub>alkalosis (33.3%) as the most frequent acid\u2013base imbalances. Agreement between methods only matched in 32 cases (kappa &lt; 0.20).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The agreement between the HH and quantitative methods for interpretation of acid\u2013base balance was poor and many imbalances detected using the quantitative approach were missed using the HH approach. Further studies are necessary to confirm the clinical utility of using the quantitative approach in the decision\u2010making process of the severely ill hypoalbuminemic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,20]],"date-time":"2014-08-20T19:33:58Z","timestamp":1408563238000},"page":"509-518","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A comparison of traditional and quantitative analysis of acid\u2013base imbalances in hypoalbuminemic dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Torrente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d\u2019Emerg\u00e8ncies i Cures Intensives de la Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari\u2013UAB Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, and Departament de Ci\u00e8ncia Animal i dels Aliments Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona 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