{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:24:15Z","timestamp":1787016255420,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To determine if shock index (SI) would increase following blood donation and if it would be a more sensitive assessment of acute blood loss as compared with heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and plasma lactate.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n University teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Animals<\/jats:title>\n Twenty client\u2010owned clinically normal dogs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interventions<\/jats:title>\n Peripheral venous blood measurements and blood donation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Data were collected at 3 time points: prior to donation (\n T<\/jats:italic>\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n ), immediately after donation (\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n ), and 10 minutes following completion of donation (\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n ). HR and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded and used to calculate SI at time points\n T<\/jats:italic>\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n ,\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n , and\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n . Packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (TPP), and plasma lactate were evaluated from a peripheral venous blood sample at\n T<\/jats:italic>\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n and\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 10.<\/jats:sub>\n The mean SI was significantly increased at both time points following blood donation as compared to baseline (SI\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n = 0.88\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.19 vs SI\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n = 1.17\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.21 vs SI\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n = 1.12\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.25 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0002 and 0.0003, respectively). Following blood donation, the mean SBP was significantly lower (SBP\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n = 149\u00a0\u00b1\u00a024 mm Hg, SBP\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n = 118\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020 mm Hg;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0001, SBP\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n = 133\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021 mm Hg;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.011). The mean HR was not significantly different at\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n but was significantly increased at\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n (HR\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n = 128\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021\/min, HR\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n = 136\u00a0\u00b1\u00a025\/min,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.193; HR\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n = 146\u00a0\u00b1\u00a029\/min,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003). There was no significant difference in mean PCV (PCV\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n = 50\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04%, PCV\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n = 48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.08). The mean TPP and plasma lactate were significantly different following donation but still within the reference interval (TPP\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n = 6.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4 g\/dL, TPP\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n = 6.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.4 g\/dL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0014; Lac\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n = 1.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7mmol\/L, Lac\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n = 1.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8 mmol\/L,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis comparing area under the curve (AUC) for SI, HR, and SBP at\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n and\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n compared to\n T<\/jats:italic>\n pre<\/jats:sub>\n found that SI (AUC at\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n : 0.858, CI: 0.730, 0.984 AUC at\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n : 0.769 CI: 0.617, 0.921) was a better indicator of blood loss than SBP at both\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n (AUC 0.165, CI: 0.0384, 0.292,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.0001) and\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 10<\/jats:sub>\n (AUC 0.288, CI: 0.124, 0.451,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.001) and better than HR at\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n (AUC 0.574, CI: 0.392, 0.756,\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.001). An SI cut\u2010off of 1.064 was 80% specific and 85% sensitive at\n T<\/jats:italic>\n 0<\/jats:sub>\n for detecting blood loss.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n An SI\u00a0>\u00a01.0 is a sensitive and specific tool for detecting acute small volume blood loss in healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T05:52:43Z","timestamp":1502344363000},"page":"524-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of the use of shock index in identifying acute blood loss in healthy blood donor dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Erin E.","family":"McGowan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2010Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania PA 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