{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:29:18Z","timestamp":1790008158547,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence and risk factors for veterinary acute lung injury (VetALI) and veterinary acute respiratory distress syndrome (VetARDS), assess mechanical ventilation settings and patient outcomes, and to evaluate the relationship of clinical diagnoses with necropsy findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four dogs and 5 cats with a clinical diagnosis of VetALI or VetARDS. Control population includes 24 dogs and 5 cats with a clinical diagnosis of respiratory disease other than VetALI or VetARDS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>None.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>VetALI and VetARDS were diagnosed in 3.2% of dogs and 1.3% of cats presenting to the ICU. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome was the most common inciting condition (16\/24 dogs, 2\/5 cats), followed by vomiting and subsequent aspiration of gastric contents (9\/24 dogs), sepsis (5\/24 dogs, 3\/5 cats), multiple transfusions (4\/24 dogs), trauma (3\/24 dogs), and adverse drug reactions (1\/24 dogs, 1\/5 cats).\u00a0 None of these conditions were found to be significantly associated with a risk of development of VetALI or VetARDS when compared to controls. Twelve\u00a0dogs (50%) and 4 cats (80%) underwent mechanical ventilation for a median duration of 18 hours in dogs (range: 6\u2013174 h) and 15.5 hours in cats (range: 6\u201391 h). Overall, 3\/29 patients survived to discharge including 2\/24 dogs and 1\/5 cats.\u00a0Necropsy results were available for 8\/22 dogs and 3\/4 cats. A total of 6\/8 dogs (75%) dogs and 3\/3 (100%) cats met the histopathologic criteria for diagnosis of VetALI or VetARDS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>VetALI and VetARDS can cause life\u2010threatening respiratory distress in dogs and cats necessitating mechanical ventilation in 50% of dogs and 80% of cats in this study. These diseases are associated with a poor clinical outcome and a high rate of humane euthanasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,5]],"date-time":"2017-09-05T16:22:50Z","timestamp":1504628570000},"page":"662-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Retrospective evaluation of the prevalence, risk factors, management, outcome, and necropsy findings of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs and cats: 29 cases (2011\u20132013)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anusha","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth 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