{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T21:26:25Z","timestamp":1775251585031,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the signalment, etiology, and short\u2010term outcome of dogs and cats presenting in a coma or stupor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study conducted between May 2012 and February 2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multicenter out\u2010of\u2010hours emergency service provider.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred eighty\u2010six patients presenting in a coma or stupor to a multicenter out\u2010of\u2010hours emergency care provider.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Records were reviewed to determine the most likely etiology of coma or stupor. Short\u2010term outcomes were defined as deceased (died or euthanized) or transferred (case handed over to a daytime clinic or discharged). There were 168 dogs (coma\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 112, stupor\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 56) and 218 cats (coma\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 148, stupor\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 70) identified. Coma and stupor were more prevalent in cats compared to dogs, and Chihuahuas were over represented. Blood glucose concentrations were frequently outside established reference intervals. Excluding undetermined causes, the most common causes in dogs included traumatic brain injury (TBI) 16.0% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 27, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 22), hypoglycemia 10.7% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 18, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 8), shock 10.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 17, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 16), seizure 9.5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 16, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 13), and renal or hepatic dysfunction 5.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 9, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 7). For cats, the most common causes included TBI 21.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 47, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 38), renal or hepatic dysfunction 13.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 29, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 25), intoxication 10.1% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 22, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 18), hypoglycemia 6.0% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 13, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 4), and shock 5.0% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 11, deceased\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 8). When treatment was attempted, 46.0% of dogs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 44\/96) and 41.2% of cats (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0= 35\/85) survived to be transferred. Compared to all other etiologies, death was less likely when coma or stupor was attributed to hypoglycemia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cases where a cause was determined, TBI was the predominant etiology of coma and stupor for both species. With the exception of coma and stupor attributed to hypoglycemia, the overall short\u2010term prognosis was poor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T09:52:51Z","timestamp":1539683571000},"page":"559-565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Retrospective characterization of coma and stupor in dogs and cats presenting to a multicenter out\u2010of\u2010hours service (2012\u20132015): 386 animals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-955X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Parratt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vets Now Referrals Ltd Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ava M.","family":"Firth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tonisity International Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda K.","family":"Boag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vets Now Ltd Dunfermline United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gavin F.","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vets Now Ltd Dunfermline United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0936-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren R.","family":"Boysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(89)50135-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Plum and Posner's Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma","volume":"1","author":"Postner JB","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6388-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/004947558901900103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.84.3.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.054536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Etiology and outcome of non\u2010traumatic coma in children admitted to pediatric intensive care unit","volume":"19","author":"Khodapanahandeh F","year":"2009","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00336.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"318","article-title":"Myxedema coma leading to respiratory depression in a dog","volume":"45","author":"Atkinson K","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00330.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2006.00120.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00339.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2008.00579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00402.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0160-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1990.9694271"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.189.03.302","article-title":"Cryptococcosis involving the eye and central nervous system of a dog","volume":"189","author":"Jergens AE","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.713"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Coma and apnea in a dog with hydroxyzine toxicosis","volume":"44","author":"Tegzes JH","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.11.1894","article-title":"Heat\u2010induced illness in dogs: 42 cases (1976\u20101993)","volume":"209","author":"Drobatz KJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1997.tb01698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2002.tb01611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-5-642"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-6-840"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00687.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","volume-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine. 2nd ed","author":"Silverstein D","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00468.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.143.4.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-015-0041-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2253-14-41"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-015-0203-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.244.3.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2014.3843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)91639-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/CMED.S40330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.02.010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvec.12772","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vec.12772","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:15:12Z","timestamp":1775247312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vec.12772"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vec.12772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vec.12772","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-3261","1476-4431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-3261","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}