{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:08:56Z","timestamp":1791281336938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report the incidence of adverse events during euthanasia of client\u2010owned dogs administered either intravenous pentobarbital\/phenytoin (PP) or PP after propofol delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design\/Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, observational, multi\u2010site study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred thirty\u2010six dogs undergoing client\u2010elected euthanasia over a 1\u2010year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interventions included placement of an IV catheter and delivery of euthanasia agents (PP for the PP group, propofol followed by PP for the propofol group). Seven pre\u2010determined adverse events were recorded: agonal breaths, urination, defecation, vocalization, muscle activity, dysphoria, and catheter complications. Euthanasia scores for each patient were defined as the sum of all adverse events (0\u20137) the patient exhibited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred thirty\u2010six dogs were in the PP group and 200\u00a0dogs were in the propofol group. No significant differences were detected in the dose of PP administered (166.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0105.6 mg\/kg for PP group, 182.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0109.8 mg\/kg for propofol group). Propofol dogs received 4.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.9 mg\/kg propofol. The incidence of \u2265 1 adverse event was 35.2% in the PP group and 26.5% in the propofol group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.052). Mean euthanasia scores (0.47 PP group, 0.32 propofol group) were not significantly different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.08). Propofol significantly reduced the incidence of muscle activity (6% vs. 14%, odds ratio 0.39;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.0079).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no difference in the likelihood of the studied adverse events during client\u2010elected euthanasia in dogs when propofol was used prior to PP. There was a significant reduction in perimortem muscle activity if propofol was given prior to PP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,15]],"date-time":"2019-02-15T06:29:31Z","timestamp":1550212171000},"page":"161-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparison of pentobarbital\u2010phenytoin alone vs propofol prior to pentobarbital\u2010phenytoin for euthanasia in 436 client\u2010owned dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Bullock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3080-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Travis 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