{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:05:47Z","timestamp":1780394747436,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report a case of acute barium poisoning in a dog subsequent to ingestion of a common handheld pyrotechnic (sparkler).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 5\u2010year\u2010old female neutered German Shorthaired Pointer presented with acute onset of generalized flaccid muscle paralysis and fasciculations, ptyalism, and an irregular heart rhythm. Marked hypokalemia (1.9 mmol\/L [mEq\/L]; reference range [3.5\u20135.8 mmol\/L [mEq\/L]), acidemia (pH 7.20; reference range 7.38\u20137.44), and hypoventilation (PvCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> 55 mm Hg; reference range 40\u201350 mm Hg) were present on admission. Treatment consisted of fluid therapy, aggressive IV potassium chloride supplementation, gastric lavage, and oral magnesium sulfate administration. Based on history and clinical presentation, barium intoxication after ingestion of handheld firework (sparklers) was suspected and a serum sample was submitted for barium analysis. The serum barium concentration determined by inductively coupled plasma\/mass spectrometry was 2,000 \u03bcg\/L, a 3 orders of magnitude elevation above previously reported normal values in dogs. Within 18 hours of admission, the clinical signs resolved and the blood potassium concentration normalized. The animal was discharged home 36 hours after admission. On follow\u2010up performed after 1 and 5 years, no health issues were apparent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>New information provided<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first report of acute, life\u2010threatening barium toxicosis characterized by flaccid paralysis, acidemia, and severe hypokalemia occurring in a dog after ingestion of a popular pyrotechnic (sparkler) containing barium nitrate. Clinical signs may resolve within 24 hours with appropriate supportive care including aggressive potassium supplementation and chelation therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T20:37:19Z","timestamp":1552423039000},"page":"201-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Acute barium poisoning in a dog after ingestion of handheld fireworks (party sparklers)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Monique K.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U\u2010Vet Animal Hospital Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  Werribee Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kylie","family":"Kelers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U\u2010Vet Animal Hospital Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  Werribee Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Boller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U\u2010Vet Animal Hospital Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  Werribee Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1879-4625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Boller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U\u2010Vet Animal Hospital Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences University of Melbourne  Werribee Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"625","volume-title":"Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals","author":"Oskarsson","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Barium and Barium Compounds","author":"Choudhury H","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000433-199503000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.132.6.891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81393-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01708412"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(64)90281-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520290119024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.74.875.545"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Barium toxicity after exposure to contaminated contrast solution\u2013Goias State, Brazil, 2003","volume":"52","author":"Silva RF","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-012-0144-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03178269"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.5.547"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"APCC practical toxicology: illuminating the toxicity of fireworks","volume":"6","author":"Mean C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Today's Vet Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.923903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327110366781"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"342","article-title":"Prevention of severe barium carbonate toxicity with oral magnesium sulfate","volume":"35","author":"Mills K","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"McManusHD WigalVF LongRS. Sparkler composition. US Patent 3 862 865 A January 28 1975."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Parliamentary Counsel of Queensland. Explosives Regulation 2003.https:\/\/www.legislation.qld.gov.au\/LEGISLTN\/CURRENT\/E\/ExplosivesR03.pdf. Accessed April 4 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"SutcliffeG. Statutory Instrument 2004. No. 1836. The Fireworks Regulations 2004.http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2004\/1836\/pdfs\/uksi_20041836_en.pdf. Accessed April 4 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"CartwrightS. Hazardous Substances (Fireworks) Regulations 2001.http:\/\/www.legislation.govt.nz\/regulation\/public\/2001\/0121\/latest\/whole.html#DLM43102. 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