{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T14:26:51Z","timestamp":1762352811259,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Calgary Curriculum Office"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare intravenous and intraosseous blood aspirates using point\u2010of\u2010care diagnostic equipment available in veterinary hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Private referral hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dogs undergoing a\u00a0tibial\u00a0plateau leveling osteotomy or extracapsular anterior cruciate ligament stabilization procedure were enrolled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Under general anesthesia, simultaneous 0.5 mL intravenous and intraosseous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein and proximal tibia, respectively. Samples were evaluated in duplicate within 10 minutes of collection and averaged for each of the following parameters: blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, packed cell volume, total plasma protein (TPP), plasma lactate, sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, glucose, pH, anion gap, pO<jats:sub>2,<\/jats:sub> and pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Normalcy was tested with Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov test. A Student's <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and Bland\u2013Altman plot were used to compare intravenous and intraosseous samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve dogs were recruited into the study. There were statistically significant differences between intravenous and intraosseous samples for sodium (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0216), chloride (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0225), BUN (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.014), and potassium (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001), respectively. No significant differences were detected for the other parameters evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intraosseous space provides an easily accessible, noncollapsible alternative for assessing blood parameters. Omitting potassium, the statistically significant differences noted between sites was not felt to be clinically significant. Although statistically insignificant, the large difference in hematocrit values indicates that the samples should not be used interchangeably.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intraosseous aspirates, excluding potassium and hematocrit, appear to be a reliable alternative for assessing most point\u2010of\u2010care analytes in healthy dogs, although a larger sample size should be investigated. The application of these data in shock patients is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T11:02:54Z","timestamp":1561114974000},"page":"399-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A pilot study comparing bone marrow aspirates and venous blood for emergency point\u2010of\u2010care blood parameters in healthy dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Lindsey","family":"Ackert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0936-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren R.","family":"Boysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Schiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2010632"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Comparison study of intraosseous, central intravenous, and peripheral intravenous infusions of emergency drugs","volume":"144","author":"Orlowski JP","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(00)00034-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(02)00065-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/kjlm.2010.30.3.224"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(87)80473-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"647","article-title":"Comparison of intraosseous and intravenous CBC and Astra 8 in swine","volume":"15","author":"Unger H","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230600939856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0318-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12245-009-0116-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Alternate route: the humerus bone \u2010 a viable option for IO access","volume":"35","author":"Kovar J","year":"2010","journal-title":"JEMS"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Experimental studies on the origin and maturation of avian and mammalian red blood\u2010cells.","volume":"16","author":"Doan CA","year":"1925","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81388-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196602172740702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.2008.739"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"Woodley Equipment Ltd.i\u2010STAT 1 portable clinical analyser reference ranges and reportable ranges \u2010 SI units. 2008.http:\/\/www.woodleyequipment.com\/images\/document\/i_stat_1_ref_ranges_si.pdf. 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