{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:23:15Z","timestamp":1773030195893,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate bacterial isolates, antimicrobial drug susceptibility, and change in resistance among pre\u2010 and post\u2010lavage culture samples in dogs with septic peritonitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Private practice referral hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty client\u2010owned dogs with confirmed septic peritonitis requiring surgical intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>All dogs had perioperative abdominal lavage following source control with 200 to 300 mL\/kg 0.9% sterile saline. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010lavage aerobic and anaerobic culture samples were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010five of 40 dogs (87.5%) survived to hospital discharge. The likelihood of an aerobic organism to have multidrug resistance (resistance to 3 or more antimicrobial classes) post\u2010lavage was a third of that pre\u2010lavage (odds ratio [OR] 0.34, 95% CI [0.17\u20130.68], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01). Thirty\u2010nine of 40 dogs (97.5%) received appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy based on pre\u2010 and post\u2010lavage culture results, of which 5 (12.8%) did not survive to discharge. The single dog with inappropriate antimicrobial therapy survived to discharge. The most frequent isolates detected included <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>. The same organism based on species was isolated in pre\u2010 and post\u2010lavage cultures in 32 dogs, accounting for 59 anaerobic and aerobic isolates. There was a new bacterial isolate detected in 20 dogs, accounting for 46 isolates and an overall total decrease of 14 isolates between pre\u2010 and post\u2010lavage culture (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.09).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that there is a significant decrease in the likelihood of isolating a multidrug resistant organism following peritoneal lavage, and aerobic and anaerobic culture results have the potential to change following peritoneal lavage, although this cannot be confirmed without further studies. Overall survival rates were higher than previously reported in the literature for septic peritonitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]],"date-time":"2019-10-22T04:41:16Z","timestamp":1571719276000},"page":"635-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of peritoneal lavage on bacterial isolates in 40 dogs with confirmed septic peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2603-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Marshall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Angell Animal Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0993-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Sinnott\u2010Stutzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angell Animal Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patty","family":"Ewing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angell Animal Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiko","family":"Bracker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angell Animal Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Kalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angell Animal Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxanna","family":"Khorzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angell Animal Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","author":"Tobias KM","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"767","article-title":"The surviving sepsis campaign 2014: an update on the management and performance improvement for adults in severe sepsis","volume":"54","author":"Dellinger R","year":"2014","journal-title":"Consultant"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2005.00162.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.10.3586-3595.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12562"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(00)00726-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/1478708051847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199607000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-004-1210-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-015-0104-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of intra\u2010operative peritoneal lavage with super oxidized solution and normal saline in peritonitis cases; 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