{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T14:54:45Z","timestamp":1769698485560,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sclavo Diagnostics International"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To test an equine\u2010derived polyvalent viperid antivenom (EPVA) in the treatment of dogs with evidence of viper envenomation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, multicenter observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Veterinary emergency and critical care hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 82 client\u2010owned dogs with progressive clinical signs after viperid snakebite were enrolled in the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Equine\u2010derived polyvalent viperid antivenom was administered at a dosage of 1 mL\/kg body weight, either by IV infusion or SC injection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A standardized snakebite severity score (SSS) was used to characterize the severity of envenomation and the clinical course after EPVA treatment. Most dogs had improved SSS both at 4 (65.8%) and 8 hours (81.7%) following EPVA administration. Five dogs died. At the 4\u2010week assessment, 3 dogs had slightly abnormal hematological or coagulation parameters; all other surviving dogs showed no abnormalities. Antivenom\u2010related acute or intermediate reactions occurred in 12 dogs (14.6%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the first study on antivenom in dogs in Italy, the effects of progressive viper envenomation were stabilized or reversed in the large majority of dogs receiving EPVA, as confirmed by the SSS analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T05:24:48Z","timestamp":1576819488000},"page":"34-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A prospective multicenter observational study of <i>Viperidae<\/i> polyvalent immune F(ab\u2019)<sub>2<\/sub> antivenom administration for the treatment of viper envenomation in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9516-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Vanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Veterinary Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Department of Veterinary Science University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Intorre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Veterinary Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Department of Veterinary Science University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Corazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Veterinary Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Department of Veterinary Science University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Meucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Veterinary Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology Department of Veterinary Science University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Parti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sclavo Diagnostics International  Sovicille Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11250009909356242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.43190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d4695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15654\/TPK-140364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.19.532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2012.660695"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.1.120","article-title":"Comparative stabilities in vitro and in vivo of a recombinant mouse antibody FvCys fragment and a bisFvCys conjugate","volume":"149","author":"Cumber AJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00677.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of antivenom on venom pharmacokinetics in experimentally envenomed rabbits: toward an optimization of antivenom therapy","volume":"281","author":"Rivi\u00e8re G","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2005.00135.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00678.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70267-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100210"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Viper snakebites","volume":"65","author":"Bruchim Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"Isr J Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-52-26"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.b4817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins1020100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.16.2030"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Snake bite (Vipera berus) in the dog and cat","volume":"41","author":"Kangstrom LE","year":"1989","journal-title":"Swed Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03259827"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Rattlesnake bites in southern California and rationale for recommended treatment","volume":"148","author":"Wingert WA","year":"1988","journal-title":"West J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvec.12917","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vec.12917","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vec.12917","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vec.12917","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T09:06:01Z","timestamp":1694163961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vec.12917"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vec.12917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vec.12917","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-3261","1476-4431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-3261","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-06-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-05-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}