{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T05:32:20Z","timestamp":1768627940674,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"U-VET Animal Hospital Internal Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the in vitro effects of crystalloid and colloid IV fluids on the thromboelastographic (TEG) variables of canine whole blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro experimental study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Veterinary teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two healthy dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>Citrated whole blood samples collected from healthy dogs were diluted with 3.4% hypertonic saline (HTS 3.4), 7% hypertonic saline (HTS 7), and 20% mannitol at 8% and 16% dilutions; hydroxyethyl starch 130\/0.4 (HES 130\/0.4) at 16% dilution; lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) at 16%, 33%, and 66% dilutions; and HTS 7\u2010HES 130\/0.4 at 25% and 50% dilutions. Kaolin\u2010activated TEG analysis was concurrently performed on diluted and control (undiluted) samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dilution of canine whole blood with LRS compared to control reduced \u03b1 angle and MA at both 33% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.011, respectively) and 66% dilution (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001 and <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001, respectively), and prolonged K time at 66% dilution (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). At 16% dilution, HTS 3.4, prolonged R time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007), while mannitol, a fluid iso osmolar to HTS 3.4, prolonged K time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), reduced \u03b1 angle (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001), MA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.046), and LY60 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015). At 8% dilution, HTS 7, a fluid of high osmolarity and tonicity, prolonged R time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.009) and reduced MA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.015), while all measured TEG variables were altered at the 16% dilution (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01 for all variables). HES 130\/0.4 reduced \u03b1 angle (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.031) and MA (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) and increased LY60 (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001) at 16% dilution. Comparing different fluid types, HES 130\/0.4 and HTS 3.4 had no to minor, mannitol intermediate, and HTS 7 profound effects on TEG variables (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05) when compared to LRS at the same dilution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In vitro dilution of canine whole blood with commonly used IV fluids leads to thromboelastographic changes consistent with hypocoagulability in a dose dependent manner for all fluid types tested. Viscoelastic changes are also influenced by fluid characteristics, specifically tonicity and osmolarity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T06:57:27Z","timestamp":1582181847000},"page":"255-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["In vitro effects of lactated Ringer's solution, hypertonic saline, hydroxyethyl starch, hypertonic saline\/hydroxyethyl starch, and mannitol on thromboelastographic variables of canine whole blood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3263-0771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelina","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U\u2010Vet Animal Hospital, Melbourne Veterinary School University of Melbourne  Werribee Victoria 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