{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:16:30Z","timestamp":1787505390353,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the use of a ketamine\u2010dexmedetomidine combination and mild hypothermia for the treatment of status epilepticus in 3 dogs that did not respond to GABAergic medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Series Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three dogs, each with a diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy, were presented to the emergency department in a state of status epilepticus. The dogs were treated unsuccessfully with benzodiazepine as a first\u2010line therapy that was followed by IV propofol anesthesia maintained for at least 12\u00a0hours. When general anesthesia was discontinued, seizures reoccurred. All 3 dogs then received a bolus of ketamine (1\u00a0mg\/kg, IV) over a period of 5 minutes that was followed by a bolus of dexmedetomidine (3 \u03bcg\/kg, IV) over the same time period and then followed by a continuous infusion for 12\u00a0hours of ketamine at a constant rate of 1\u00a0mg\/kg\/h and dexmedetomidine at a variable rate of 3\u20137 \u03bcg\/kg\/h. Body temperature was maintained between 36.7 and 37.7\u00b0C at a state of mild hypothermia throughout treatment. The dogs recovered uneventfully over 48\u00a0hours after treatment was discontinued with no evidence of seizures. No notable alterations in physiological parameters were observed during the drug infusions. All dogs were discharged following examinations that showed normal neurological function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>New or Unique Information Provided<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case series highlights the potential benefits of a ketamine\u2010dexmedetomidine infusion combined with mild hypothermia for the treatment of status epilepticus refractory to GABAergic therapy in dogs suffering from idiopathic epilepsy. After the dogs were weaned from the ketamine\u2010dexmedetomidine infusion, all dogs experienced complete recovery. Thus, this case series introduces a novel approach to treat this intense condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T04:58:40Z","timestamp":1588741120000},"page":"455-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Ketamine\u2010dexmedetomidine combination and controlled mild hypothermia for the treatment of long\u2010lasting and super\u2010refractory status epilepticus in 3 dogs suffering from idiopathic epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5956-6939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Gioeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-7635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Di Cesare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Animal Science and Food safety Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa Silvia","family":"D'Urso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3149-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rabbogliatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-8722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuliano","family":"Ravasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0371-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"International veterinary epilepsy task force consensus report on epilepsy definition, classification and terminology in companion animals.","volume":"28","author":"Berendt M","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet. 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