{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:59:26Z","timestamp":1791460766647,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare effects of 2 IM sedation protocols, alfaxalone\u2010butorphanol (AB) versus dexmedetomidine\u2010butorphanol (DB), on echocardiographic (ECHO) variables in cats following sedation and blood donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental randomized, blinded crossover study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven client\u2010owned healthy cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cats received a baseline ECHO without sedation prior to their first donation. Cats were sedated intramuscularly with AB (alfaxalone, 2\u00a0mg\/kg, and butorphanol, 0.2\u00a0mg\/kg) for 1 donation and DB (dexmedetomidine, 10\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg, and butorphanol 0.2, mg\/kg) for another, with a minimum 6\u00a0weeks between donations. A post\u2010sedation, post\u2010donation ECHO was performed after each blood donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and main results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight cats completed the study. Compared to baseline, DB combined with blood donation decreased heart rate (\u221284\/min; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), fractional shortening (\u221216.5%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001), ejection fraction (\u201021.0%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0002), and cardiac output (\u2212292\u00a0mL\/min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0001); AB combined with blood donation increased heart rate (+45\/min; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0003) and decreased left ventricular end diastolic volume (\u22121.57\u00a0mL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Compared to AB, DB decreased heart rate (\u2212129\/min; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and fractional shortening (\u221221.6%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and increased left ventricular end\u2010systolic (+1.14\u00a0mL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.0004) and diastolic volumes (+1.93\u00a0mL; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0002). Cats administered DB had a significant increase in regurgitant flow across mitral, aortic, and pulmonic valves following blood donation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). One cat administered DB developed spontaneous echo contrast in the left ventricle following donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and clinical relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to AB, DB had more pronounced effects on ECHO variables in cats following IM sedation and blood donation. Due to its minimal impact on ECHO variables, AB may be a more desirable sedation protocol in this population of cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T18:15:27Z","timestamp":1615659327000},"page":"256-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The effects of two intramuscular sedation protocols on echocardiographic variables in cats following sedation and blood donation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8859-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Reader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cummings Veterinary Medical Center at Tufts University  North Grafton Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky 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