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The population of interest included dogs and cats (considered separately) and arterial and venous thrombosis. The interventions assessed were the use of thrombolytics, compared to no thrombolytics, with or without anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents. Specific protocols for recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were also evaluated. Outcomes assessed included efficacy and safety. Relevant articles were categorized according to level of evidence, quality, and as to whether they supported, were neutral to, or opposed the PICO questions. Conclusions from the PICO worksheets were used to draft guidelines, which were subsequently refined via Delphi surveys undertaken by the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) working group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen PICO questions were developed, generating 14 guidelines. The majority of the literature addressing the PICO questions in dogs is experimental studies (level of evidence 3), thus providing insufficient evidence to determine if thrombolysis improves patient\u2010centered outcomes. In cats, literature was more limited and often neutral to the PICO questions, precluding strong evidence\u2010based recommendations for thrombolytic use. Rather, for both species, suggestions are made regarding considerations for when thrombolytic drugs may be considered, the combination of thrombolytics with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, and the choice of thrombolytic agent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substantial additional research is needed to address the role of thrombolytics for the treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis in dogs and cats. Clinical trials with patient\u2010centered outcomes will be most valuable for addressing knowledge gaps in the field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T20:44:31Z","timestamp":1658868271000},"page":"446-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["2022 Update of the Consensus on the Rational Use of Antithrombotics and Thrombolytics in Veterinary Critical Care (CURATIVE) Domain 6: Defining rational use of thrombolytics"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Claire R.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Claude","family":"Blais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences 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