{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:25:23Z","timestamp":1790087123642,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the signalment, dosing, adverse events, and patient diagnosis for dogs and cats admitted to the critical care unit (CCU) receiving tranexamic acid (TXA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case series from 2018 to 2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Private referral and primary care veterinary hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and sixty\u2010six dogs and 28 cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>None.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records of dogs and cats admitted to the CCU that received TXA were evaluated. A diagnosis was assigned to each patient based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases system. \u201cNeoplasia\u201d ([most frequently] hemangiosarcoma) (89\/226 [39%]) and \u201cdiseases of the blood and blood forming organs\u201d (idiopathic hemoabdomen, pericardial effusion) (78\/226 [34%]) were the most common disease processes for which dogs received TXA. In cats, \u201cdiseases of the blood and blood forming organs\u201d (idiopathic hemoabdomen) (9\/28 [32%]), \u201cneoplasia\u201d (hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor, carcinoma) (7\/28 [25%]), and \u201cinjury, poisoning, or certain other consequences of external causes\u201d (high\u2010rise syndrome) (5\/28 [17%]) were most common. One hundred and forty\u2010eight dogs (65%) and 13 cats (46%) underwent an invasive procedure during hospitalization. Thirty percent (70\/226) of dogs received a packed RBC (pRBC) transfusion. Administration of TXA before or after pRBC transfusion did not significantly affect median dose of pRBC administered (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.808). The median IV dose of TXA was similar for dogs and cats at 10\u00a0mg\/kg. One cat received a 10 times overdose of TXA and did not suffer any appreciable adverse effects. Adverse events were reported in 1.7% (4\/226) of dogs including hypersalivation (3\/226) and seizure (1\/226) in a dog that received a cumulative dose of 280\u00a0mg\/kg of TXA. Hypersalivation was the only adverse event reported in 3% (1\/28) of cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>TXA is primarily utilized in critically ill dogs and cats diagnosed with neoplasia, bleeding disorders, and trauma at this institution. Adverse events were infrequent and largely mild.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T13:53:44Z","timestamp":1662040424000},"page":"791-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Retrospective analysis of the use of tranexamic acid in critically ill dogs and cats (2018\u20132019): 266 dogs and 28 cats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6608-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan","family":"Kelley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Angell Animal Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0993-6510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Sinnott\u2010Stutzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Angell Animal Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Whelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Angell Animal Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201110-1915CI"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000104112.34142.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.12.1499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000296070.75956.40"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"CD002042","article-title":"Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion","author":"Carless PA","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00521.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1087143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2012.00735.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.75.8.731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11209070-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.6.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-016-0201-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejh.13348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.10.1057"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (Hexakapron) for the treatment of bleeding disorders in dogs","volume":"68","author":"Kelmer E","year":"2013","journal-title":"Israel J of Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"About\u2014Entegrion VCM VetTM.Vcmvet.com. Accessed April 13 2021.https:\/\/vcmvet.com\/about"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0552.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-028576"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-5-39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5829.2007.00126.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"U.S. National Library of Medicine.Clinical trials website. Accessed September 28 2020.https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/results?cond=tranexamic+acid&term=&cntry=&state=&city=&dist="},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60835-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32233-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000197561.70972.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.9193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.17-0463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.75.12.1099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12954"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020822801712"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1982.tb05051.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vec.13237","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vec.13237","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vec.13237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T05:26:15Z","timestamp":1692681975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vec.13237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vec.13237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vec.13237","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-3261","1476-4431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-3261","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}