{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:58:50Z","timestamp":1791892730955,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the value of microbubble contrast cystosonography in the diagnosis of bladder rupture in animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, method comparison study from November 2019 to October 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010four ethically sourced cadavers of dogs, rats, and rabbits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a prospective and blinded study, the cadavers were divided into 2 randomized groups: with bladder rupture (CR), and without bladder rupture (SR). Urinary catheterization was performed in all cadavers. Through the urethral catheter, bladders in CR group were ruptured using a rigid stainless steel guide wire. Microbubble contrast was infused into the bladder through the urethral catheter, while a single, blinded observer sonographically assessed the bladder. The time to diagnosis and the number of attempts needed for diagnosis were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included cadavers of 16 female Wistar rats, 6 female dogs, 11 male dogs, and 1 male rabbit. Time to diagnosis in dogs (2.25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.91\u00a0min) was statistically higher when compared to rats (1.15\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.75\u00a0min; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03). Of the 34 cases, incorrect diagnosis of bladder rupture was made in only 2 dogs (6%), indicating a diagnostic sensitivity of 88.88%, specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94%. The positive predictive value was 1 and the negative predictive value was 0.9.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study showed that the described method is accurate, sensitive, and specific for the detection of bladder rupture in animal cadavers of different species, size, and sex.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T07:58:05Z","timestamp":1682236685000},"page":"327-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The use of agitated saline as contrast agent in a contrast\u2010enhanced cystosonography for detection of urinary bladder rupture in animal cadavers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9422-9687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloisa","family":"Muehlbauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Saldanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine M.","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais L.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan C. M.","family":"Duque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7802-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilde R.","family":"Froes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2004.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2007.00268.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2001.tb00066.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-34-4-315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-018-0616-y"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"604","article-title":"Uroabdomen in dogs and cats","volume":"24","author":"Gannon KM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.5.g00se111373"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0380188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2004.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-02-5108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/iju.IJU_118_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-008-0738-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2002.tb01004.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/laban0411-111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0420136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48247-9.00054-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0125-y"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vec.13297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T23:35:25Z","timestamp":1692488125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vec.13297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vec.13297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vec.13297","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-3261","1476-4431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-3261","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}