{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T19:44:42Z","timestamp":1788551082078,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize anaphylactic reactions in dogs, including clinical signs, severity, treatments, prognosis, and estimated incidence. To determine whether glucocorticoids influence clinical recovery and survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study between January 1, 2003 and April 28, 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010six dogs treated for a type I hypersensitivity reaction. Nineteen dogs fulfilled the criteria for anaphylaxis, and 67 dogs had mild cutaneous reactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>None.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The estimated incidence was 0.04% for anaphylaxis and 0.15% for mild hypersensitivity reactions. The female:male ratio (2.3:1) was significantly higher (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.032) compared to our source population (ratio of 1:1.158). Vaccines were the most frequent trigger for anaphylaxis (57.9%) and mild hypersensitivity reactions (28.4%). Seventy\u2010four (86%) dogs had cutaneous signs, and 11 (57.9%) dogs with anaphylaxis had no cutaneous signs reported. Forty\u2010two (48.8%) dogs received both an H1 antagonist and a glucocorticoid, 34 (39.5%) dogs received an H1 antagonist only, and 6 (6.9%) dogs received a glucocorticoid only. The majority of the dogs survived, and 1 was euthanized due to complications. Clinical signs associated with nonsurvival included respiratory signs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.006), particularly respiratory distress (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001) and cyanosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001), and circulatory shock (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005). The analysis of the interaction between etiology, clinical signs, treatment, and outcome did not show any association between pairs of variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the current study, anaphylaxis had a relatively good prognosis, and cutaneous signs were not always present. Based on the present data, the use of glucocorticoids to treat mild type I hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis in dogs was not associated with clinical improvement or survival.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]],"date-time":"2023-08-14T09:58:42Z","timestamp":1692007122000},"page":"577-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Retrospective evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis in dogs (2003\u20132014): 86 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Fabrice T. J.","family":"Fosset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NorthStar VETS, Robbinsville Twp  New Jersey New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin E. 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