{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T06:30:43Z","timestamp":1781850643619,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine and compare the efficacy of intranasal (IN) atomization, IN drops, and IM injection of atipamezole for reversal of medetomidine\u2010induced sedation in healthy dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, randomized, blinded study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty mixed\u2010breed, shelter\u2010owned dogs with an average weight of 29.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.6\u00a0kg (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD) that required sedation for minor diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atipamezole was administered by a dog handler at 200\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg via IN atomization (ATI\u2010IN<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010), IN drops (ATI\u2010IN<jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010), or IM injection (ATI\u2010IM, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) 20\u00a0minutes following medetomidine administration (40\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg). A control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a010) received no atipamezole.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ease of atipamezole administration was evaluated. Sedation score, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and blood pressure (BP) were recorded pre\u2010medetomidine administration (T0), pre\u2010atipamezole administration (T20), and at multiple intervals following atipamezole administration. ATI\u2010IM resulted in the fastest recovery, followed by ATI\u2010IN<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>, with ATI\u2010IN<jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub> being the slowest. The adverse cardiovascular impacts of medetomidine were not completely mitigated. ATI\u2010IM showed initial HR restoration followed by a decline. HR in both IN groups showed a slower increase compared to ATI\u2010IM, but no subsequent decline was observed. ATI\u2010IM resulted in a transient decrease in BP, though dogs remained normotensive. A gradual reduction in BP was noted in the IN groups. At T50, RR of all atipamezole groups differed from control, and a significant increase in RR was observed in ATI\u2010IM dogs compared to pre\u2010atipamezole value. No adverse effects were observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>All routes for atipamezole administration effectively reversed medetomidine\u2010induced sedation, with ATI\u2010IM being fastest. IN routes were easy for the dog handler to administer, making them viable alternatives in cases of accidental drug exposure, particularly outside a hospital setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T05:10:59Z","timestamp":1731993059000},"page":"530-538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of intranasal atipamezole by atomization or drops with intramuscular injection for reversing sedative effects of medetomidine in healthy dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0223-9392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Jafarbeglou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2381-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Marjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Oghbaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch Islamic Azad University  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-7084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Paryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch Islamic Azad University  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Bakhshi\u2010Khanghah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch Islamic Azad University  Karaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Toxic adulterant alert: medetomidine\/dexmedetomidine.The Center for Forensic Science Research and Education. 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