{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T20:30:39Z","timestamp":1767817839375,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the prevalence, case\u2010fatality rate, and primary disease processes associated with corrected hypochloremia (hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]) in dogs and cats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single\u2010center retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic medical records were reviewed to identify dogs and cats with at least one chloride and sodium concentration measured simultaneously during a 60\u2010month period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 17,120 dogs and 4197 cats presented to a veterinary teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Measured hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] was diagnosed in 23.3% (3981\/17,120) dogs and 59.0% (2475\/4197) cats. Corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] was diagnosed in 13.9% (2388\/17,120) dogs and 34.9% (1463\/4197) cats. The case\u2010fatality rates were higher in animals with measured and corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] than those with normal corrected [Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). The case\u2010fatality rate was also higher in cats with corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] than those with measured hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.0002), but they were not different in dogs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.74). Of the dogs and cats with corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ], a total of 74.5% (1779\/2388) dogs and 74.6% (1091\/1463) cats were categorized as prehospital corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ], and a total of 20.9% (498\/2388) dogs and 17.3% (253\/1463) cats were categorized as hospital\u2010acquired corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]. The case\u2010fatality rates of dogs and cats with hospital\u2010acquired corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] were higher than those with prehospital corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001). Various primary disease processes were identified in animals with corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]. Of these, urologic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal diseases were the three most common disease processes identified in dogs and cats with corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] was a common electrolyte abnormality and was associated with higher case\u2010fatality rates than normal corrected [Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ]. Various disease processes were associated with corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ], and closer attention to corrected hypo[Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ] is warranted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.70053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T18:30:10Z","timestamp":1763577010000},"page":"723-735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective Evaluation of the Prevalence and Prognosis of Hypochloremia in Dogs and Cats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5577-3110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Ueda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina 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