{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T21:53:33Z","timestamp":1767822813827,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the effects of co\u2010administering various drugs with canine whole blood (WB), canine fresh frozen plasma (FFP), or canine freeze\u2010dried plasma (FDP), and determine whether alterations to the blood constituents or drugs exist within the admixture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro experimental study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Government blood and coagulation research laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven units of commercially acquired canine FFP, 7\u00a0units of canine FDP, and 8\u00a0units of canine WB were co\u2010administered with multiple drugs, including fentanyl, midazolam, ketamine, hydromorphone, tranexamic acid (TXA), ampicillin\/sulbactam, enrofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and ertapenem, and delivered simultaneously into an IV line via infusion pumps using clinically relevant doses. The resultant solutions were analyzed for coagulation factor activities and fibrinogen concentration. Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectroscopy was used to assess drug concentration, and impedance aggregometry and cell\u2010free hemoglobin were used to evaluate platelet function in the WB samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurement and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Platelet function decreased with each drug co\u2010administered with WB in vitro. Cell\u2010free hemoglobin increased when ketamine, fentanyl, and midazolam were co\u2010administered with WB. Drug loss was seen when enrofloxacin was co\u2010administered with FDP. Drug loss was also seen when hydromorphone was co\u2010administered with FFP. Sulbactam and ertapenem resulted in drug loss when co\u2010administered with FDP and FFP. Drug loss was seen when ceftriaxone, fentanyl, and midazolam were co\u2010administered with each blood product. With each admixture, there were variable changes in coagulation factor activities. A statistically significant decrease in activity &lt;50% was seen only in factors V and VIII when ceftriaxone and enrofloxacin, respectively, were co\u2010administered with FDP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Platelet function will likely be adversely affected by the co\u2010administration of any of the selected drugs. Co\u2010administration of ketamine, fentanyl, and midazolam with WB resulted in significant hemolysis and is not recommended. It is reasonable to consider co\u2010administering ampicillin, TXA, and ketamine with FDP and FFP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.70057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:07:01Z","timestamp":1764349621000},"page":"665-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Evaluation of the Co\u2010Administration of Canine Blood Products and Drugs Used in Critical Illness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6367-5109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela L.","family":"Rivas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"},{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research  JBSA Fort Sam Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grantham C.","family":"Peltier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research  JBSA Fort Sam Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai X.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research  JBSA Fort Sam Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Rutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M School of Veterinary Medicine &amp; Biomedical Sciences Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly A.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mantel Technologies  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Darlington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute of Surgical Research  JBSA Fort Sam Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery University of Texas Health Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-0306-7.00061-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.571370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.81.12.964"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.03.010"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"An Azide\u2010Methemoglobin Method for Hemoglobin Determination in Blood","volume":"67","author":"Vanzetti G.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14124"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542\u2010200205000\u201000028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542\u2010200203000\u201000019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1135880"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005\u20102736(99)00050\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2015.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4860284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476\u20104431.2011.00634"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537\u20102995.1993.331094054623"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vec.70057","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T19:25:46Z","timestamp":1767813946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vec.70057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vec.70057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vec.70057","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-3261","1476-4431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-3261","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}