{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T20:32:33Z","timestamp":1767817953509,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":36,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review and summarize the human and veterinary literature pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of phlebitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Etiology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phlebitis can occur in any patient with a vascular catheter, but the focus of this review is on its occurrence in association with peripheral venous catheters (PVCs). The three main categories of phlebitis are infectious, mechanical, and chemical; catheter\u2010, patient\u2010, or drug\u2010related factors may increase the risk. The most devastating injuries likely result from the extravasation of chemotherapeutics and drugs with certain properties (e.g., vasoactive, acidic or alkaline, hyperosmolar or hypo\u2010osmolar).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Diagnosis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phlebitis is diagnosed based on clinical signs including erythema, swelling, edema, pain, and fever. In people, several grading scales exist to assess for the presence and progression or resolution of phlebitis, but no specific diagnostic or grading schemes exist for veterinary patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Therapy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mild cases of phlebitis likely resolve after removal of the PVC; however, higher grades of phlebitis require more aggressive treatment. Nonpharmacologic therapies are instituted initially, and treatment is escalated to topical, local injectable, and parenteral therapies as indicated. There are several antidotes indicated after the extravasation of certain drugs, particularly chemotherapeutics. Nonpharmacologic phytotherapeutics have also been studied as ancillary therapies in people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Prognosis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Phlebitis and extravasation injury are associated with morbidity and mortality in human and veterinary patients; however, the definitive prognosis for affected veterinary patients is unknown. It is advisable to implement prevention strategies. When considering prognosis, early identification and treatment of vascular injury are likely of greatest importance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.70061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T06:46:30Z","timestamp":1765176390000},"page":"619-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phlebitis in Veterinary Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3700-2680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Chambers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care The Animal Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Prittie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care The Animal Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0110-9927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Mastrocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care The Animal Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/691934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(12)61082\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959\u2010021\u201000301\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Phlebitis: Treatment, Care and Prevention","volume":"107","author":"Higginson R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nursing Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560\u2010020\u201000518\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.11699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NHH.0000000000000481"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Tucker W. D.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.12107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAN.0000292567.17022.53"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Infection Control\u2014A Battle in Vein: Infusion Phlebitis","volume":"94","author":"Jackson A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nursing Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/691934"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxad090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924\u20108579(09)70565\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2005.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0b013e31825af099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2011.20.sup7.s16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2009.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1984.00350180111017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.5.473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010114\u201010\u2010845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745\u20107599.2008.00305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000446\u2010200302000\u201000027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0b013e3181a1a98f"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Effect of Two Different Short Peripheral Catheter Materials on Phlebitis Development","volume":"23","author":"Karada\u011f A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Intravenous Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"288","article-title":"Complications of Intravenous Therapy: A Randomized Prospective Study\u2013Vialon vs. Teflon","volume":"12","author":"McKee J. M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Intravenous Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Czysz A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.13255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102011\u201005\u2010356071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0b013e31820b7899"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"A Review of pH and Osmolarity","volume":"6","author":"Stranz M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20104804(68)90005\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(66)90950\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03180250029005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.1041330226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.Java.2018.16.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542\u2010197711000\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1129729821989165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198501103120203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.08.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899\u20109007(98)00037\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2020.17.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2008.17.14.30656"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000392"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0b013e31821da1b3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13574"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/jdvar.2023.12.00317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534\u2010197908000\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4212\/cjhp.v64i5.1069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.m2021.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0b013e31824237ce"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109610(79)90121\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mds294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002\u20109610(56)80091\u20103"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Managing Calcium Extravasation\u2010Related Injuries\u2014ProQuest","volume":"28","author":"Kohli D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of Musculoskeletal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460\u20109592.2006.01873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2794"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019\u20105154.92692"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.53.2.226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15946"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9050611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","unstructured":"\u201cClinical Practice Guidelines: Peripheral Extravasation Injuries: Initial Management and Washout Procedure \u201dThe Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne accessed March 30 2024 https:\/\/www.rch.org.au\/clinicalguide\/guideline_index\/Peripheral_extravasation_injuries__Initial_management_and_washout_procedure\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","unstructured":"H.IpemaandJ.Anderson(2021) \u201cWhat Are Current Recommendations for Treatment of Drug Extravasation? \u201d University of Illinois Chicago Drug Information Group accessed March 17 2024 https:\/\/dig.pharmacy.uic.edu\/faqs\/2021\u20102\/february\u20102021\u2010faqs\/what\u2010are\u2010current\u2010recommendations\u2010for\u2010treatment\u2010of\u2010drug\u2010extravasation\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028020903406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014527820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524\u20104725.1993.tb00404.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637\u2010198409000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01191807"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389801300512"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2009.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2021.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525\u20101470.1997.tb00214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004640"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","first-page":"581","article-title":"Alternative Pharmacological Management of Vasopressor Extravasation in the Absence of Phentolamine","volume":"42","author":"Plum M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"P and T"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1988.6.11.1732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S3694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2553"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5567\/pharmacologia.2011.172.177"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Effect of External Use of Sesame Oil in the Prevention of Chemotherapy\u2010Induced Phlebitis","volume":"11","author":"Nekuzad N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","article-title":"Comparing the Effect of Warm Moist Compress and Calendula Ointment on the Severity of Phlebitis Caused by 50% Dextrose Infusion: A Clinical Trial","volume":"6","author":"Jourabloo N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical\u2010Surgical Nursing Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","first-page":"9642","article-title":"Meta\u2010Analysis of Aloe Vera for the Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy\u2010Induced Phlebitis","volume":"9","author":"Gao Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/ncoaj.2023.09.00271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","unstructured":"R.Lalithambigai Effectiveness of Topical Application of Fresh Aloe Vera versus Glycerine Magnesium Sulphate on Children with Phlebitis at Government Rajaji Hospital. Master's Thesis. Maduri Medical College;2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009162.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/2319\u20105886.2015.00101.0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22159\/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.26289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/mri.2019.84004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","first-page":"426","article-title":"Effectiveness of Glycerin Magnesium Sulfate on Peripheral Intravenous Infusion Complications","volume":"6","author":"Packialakshmi M. S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Manejo de los Dispositivos Intravasculares Perifericos","volume":"12","author":"Chau J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infpip.2023.100271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1051\u20100443(07)60012\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","volume-title":"Cuidados de Enfermer\u00eda en los Accesos Vasculares. Gu\u00eda de Recomendaciones","author":"Mu\u00f1oz R. T.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757177416655472"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/645820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400130091039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2018.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00129804\u2010200611000\u201000004"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"The Infusion Nurse and Patient Complication Rates of Peripheral\u2010Short Catheters. A Prospective Evaluation","volume":"24","author":"Palefski S. S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Intravenous Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.8.871"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(07)70235\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2008.17.Sup8.31470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.288"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1518\u20108345.2377.3002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2019381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735\u20109066.161006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/131.3.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607186010005494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507203330303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007798.pub5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476\u20104431.1996.tb00032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.164.20.616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0430013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9030118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469\u20100691.2002.00467.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20105827.2011.01101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1982.180.07.747"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.12.0717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.05.0293"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748\u20105827.2010.00914.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2020.100456"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_138_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"Managing Side Effects and Safe Handling","volume":"50","author":"Chemotherapy M. D. V.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0420321"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.3.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280\u2010005\u20100022\u20107"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_142_1","first-page":"1079","article-title":"Successful Management of Doxorubicin Overdose and Extravasation in a Dog With Lymphoma","volume":"59","author":"Kicenuik K. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13393"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA\u2010MS\u20106773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.03.0125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NAN.0000000000000455"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vec.70061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T19:25:44Z","timestamp":1767813944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vec.70061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":146,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vec.70061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vec.70061","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-3261","1476-4431"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-3261","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4431","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}