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Most dogs required one vial for clinical control of signs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the dogs and cats with detectable initial serum venom, 94.4% showed a strong response to antivenom administration, with a reduction in serum venom ranging from 94% to &gt;99% at 2\u00a0h. Animals that experienced a 90% reduction of serum venom within 2\u00a0h greatly exceeded the 0% expected of an ineffective antivenom. The canine and feline SSS improved relative to the initial SSS at 2, 6, and 12\u00a0h in 57.9%, 77.8%, and 90.9% of cases, respectively. A favorable reduction in SSS was also appreciated in the single horse in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the canine, feline, and equine cases of North American viperid envenomation studied, antivenom 6101.05 adequately removed serum venom and lowered the SSS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T11:07:09Z","timestamp":1769425629000},"page":"45-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Equine F[ab\u02b9]\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Veterinary Antivenom for North American Viperid Snake Envenomation Demonstrates Efficacy by Rapid Serum Venom Removal and Improvement in Snakebite Severity Score"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7199-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Carotenuto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Veterinarian  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gena","family":"Broussard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MT Venom  Canoga Park California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerad A.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine Loma Linda University  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William K.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine Loma Linda University  Loma Linda California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00643.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2006.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Model Formulary 2008","author":"The World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-0306-7.00174-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2011.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2011.00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Recent Advances in Toxinology Research","author":"Warrell D. 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