{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:43:57Z","timestamp":1792327437622,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical characteristics, underlying diseases, organ dysfunctions, and survival of dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective observational study from January to December, 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Single\u2010center, veterinary university teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred sixty\u2010six dogs; six dogs with distinct cases of SIRS were included twice (172 cases).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dogs were included if they met two or more of the four SIRS criteria (hypothermia or fever; tachycardia; tachypnea; leukocytosis, leukopenia, or left shift) and had a disease causing systemic inflammation. Cases were categorized into groups (G) \u201cnonseptic SIRS\u201d (G1:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a073), \u201csepsis\u201d (G2:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a092), \u201csepsis without organ dysfunction\u201d (G2a:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a025), \u201csevere sepsis\u201d (G2b:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a059; dysfunction of one or more organ systems), \u201cseptic shock\u201d (G2c:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a08; hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation), and \u201cSIRS of unclear origin\u201d (G3:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a07). The most common causes of SIRS\/sepsis were gastrointestinal diseases (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a061 [35.5%]), vector\u2010borne diseases (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a028 [16.3%]), and neoplasia (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a022 [12.8%]). There was dysfunction of one or more organs in 114 cases (66.3%). The coagulation system was most frequently affected (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a078 [45.3%]), followed by the cardiovascular system (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a047 [27.3%]), respiratory tract (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a014 [8.1%]), kidney (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a013 [7.6%]), and liver (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a06 [3.5%]). Overall, 128 of 165 cases (77.6%) survived until discharge (short\u2010term), and 116 of 159 (73%) survived \u22654\u00a0weeks after discharge (long\u2010term). Differences in outcome were found between G1 and G2 (short\u2010term:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.046, long\u2010term:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.015), with dogs in G2 having better survival. Short\u2010term mortality was higher in cases with one or more organ dysfunctions than in cases without (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.031).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SIRS can be triggered by a variety of diseases in dogs. Strict and regular monitoring is important for early detection of organ dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T10:49:11Z","timestamp":1786531751000},"page":"619-631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Causes and Outcome of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Dogs: An Observational Study of 172 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Myriam A.","family":"Knopf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Weingart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roswitha","family":"Merle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Veterinary Center for Resistance Research (TZR) Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Sandbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Veterinary Center for Resistance Research (TZR) Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antina","family":"L\u00fcbke\u2010Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Center for Resistance Research (TZR) Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Fulde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Center for Resistance Research (TZR) Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Rob\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Center for Resistance Research (TZR) Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Skrodzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"R\u00f6sler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Center for Resistance Research (TZR) Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Center for Resistance Research (TZR) Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Veterinary Center for Resistance Research (TZR) Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13359"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","volume-title":"StatPearls: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome","author":"Chakraborty R. 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