{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T03:54:10Z","timestamp":1791172450417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":44,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Vet Emergen Crit Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize acid\u2013base disorders in dogs with hyperlactatemia via traditional and semiquantitative approaches, and to investigate the mechanisms of hyperlactatemia and the prognostic significance of metabolic acidosis in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3866 dogs with various diseases and a plasma lactate concentration &gt;2\u00a0mmol\/L at any timepoint during hospitalization underwent traditional acid\u2013base analysis. Among these patients, 1755 dogs had data available for semiquantitative acid\u2013base evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most common disease associated with hyperlactatemia was gastrointestinal disorders in 1232 of 3866 dogs (29.3%), and the most common mechanism of hyperlactatemia was circulatory shock in 741 (19.1%). The traditional approach identified acid\u2013base abnormalities in 2586 dogs (66.9%), with the most common being primary respiratory acidosis in 609 (15.7%). When considering both primary and mixed disorders, metabolic acidosis was present in 1452 patients (37.5%). When excluding the lactate effect, the semiquantitative approach identified concurrent acidifying and alkalinizing effects in 1241 of 1755 dogs (70.7%). Unmeasured anions, determined via semiquantitative analysis, were the most frequent acidifying effect in 775 dogs (44.1%). Metabolic acidosis, whether primary or as part of a mixed disorder, was associated with increased mortality (682\/1452 [46.9%]) compared with patients without metabolic acidosis (479\/2414 [19.8%]) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Similarly, type A hyperlactatemia was associated with higher mortality (374\/717 [52.5%]) than type B (227\/746 [30.4%]) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acid\u2013base disorders in dogs with hyperlactatemia were frequent and complex, with both acidifying and alkalizing processes often occurring simultaneously. The semiquantitative approach might be a valuable tool to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of metabolic acid\u2013base disorders in these patients. The presence of metabolic acidosis was most frequent in dogs with type A hyperlactatemia and was associated with higher mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.70148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:02:06Z","timestamp":1786723326000},"page":"523-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Evaluation of Acid\u2013Base Disorders in Dogs With Hyperlactatemia Using Traditional and Semiquantitative Analysis: 3866 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Laurence M.","family":"Saint\u2010Pierre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William R. 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