{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:22:28Z","timestamp":1759335748538},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To characterize the morphology of canine globes enucleated 1\u20135\u00a0days after the onset of overt clinical disease recognized by the owner.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paraffin\u2010embedded globes from 47 dogs with acute primary angle\u2010closure glaucoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PACG<\/jats:styled-content>) and 10 control dogs free of ocular disease were sectioned in the vertical plane sampling the optic nerve. Hematoxylin and eosin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>&amp;<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010stained sections were used to count ganglion cell numbers. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>) assay was used to quantify cell death, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHCII<\/jats:styled-content>immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate for antigen\u2010presenting phagocytes in a smaller subset of cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MHCII<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010labeled phagocytes were present in the optic nerve and retina within the first 24\u00a0h of documented glaucoma suggesting an early up\u2010regulation. Globes removed within 1\u00a0day of overt clinical disease had a mild neutrophilic infiltrate in the retina and optic nerve as well as marked ganglion cell necrosis. By 5\u00a0days after clinical signs appear, there is a rapid decline in the number of ganglion cells and cell death detected by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TUNEL<\/jats:styled-content>labeling in the outer and inner nuclear layers of the retina, but not the ganglion cell layer. The neuropil of the optic nerve progresses from edema and neutrophilia to malacia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that retinal and optic nerve degeneration in dogs with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PACG<\/jats:styled-content>progresses rapidly to irreversible tissue loss within days of recognizable clinical disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]],"date-time":"2013-07-05T09:59:22Z","timestamp":1373018362000},"page":"79-86","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Early histopathologic changes in the retina and optic nerve in canine primary angle\u2010closure glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison 2015 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Boursiquot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology Department of Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania 3900 Delancey Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William A.","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology Department of Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania 3900 Delancey Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard R.","family":"Dubielzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison 2015 Linden Drive Madison WI 53706 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-072160561-6.50015-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"753","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Gelatt KN","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.10.1469","article-title":"Combined cycloablation and gonioimplantation for treatment of glaucoma in dogs: 18 cases (1992\u20131998)","volume":"215","author":"Bentley E","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"MillerPE PoulsenGL NorkTMet\u00a0al.Photoreceptor cell death by apoptosis in spontaneous acute glaucoma in dogs (abstract).28th Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.1997;38:S163."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600221"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Immunolocalization of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor alpha (CNTFRalpha) in mammalian photoreceptor cells","volume":"11","author":"Beltran WA","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular Vision"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3129\/can j ophthalmol.i07-036"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.01-1282"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100130295012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2003.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-9139(95)90071-3","article-title":"In situ detection of fragmented DNA (TUNEL assay) fails to discriminate among apoptosis, necrosis, and autolytic cell death: a cautionary note","volume":"21","author":"Grasl\u2010Kraupp B","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"258","volume":"23","author":"Dubielzig RR","year":"1999","journal-title":"30th Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200103000-00015"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvop.12046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12046","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T23:11:12Z","timestamp":1715641872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12046","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-07-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}