{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T09:44:09Z","timestamp":1788601449817,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infrared thermography was used to measure temperature differences of the corneal surface between nasal and temporal limbus regions and central cornea of normal dogs and dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KCS<\/jats:styled-content>), in order to establish temperature values in normal canine eyes and in patients with decreased Schirmer tear tests (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content>) values. Dogs investigated were all either patients seen at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Federal University of Paran\u00e1 or normal dogs that belonged to the same institution. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> were performed in all eyes. A total of 40 control eyes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> \u226515\u00a0mm\/min) and 20 eyes with low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> values (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> \u226414\u00a0mm\/min) were examined. The mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> value for eyes with normal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> values was 22.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9\u00a0mm\/min (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0standard deviation), and the mean <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> value for eyes with low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> value was 7.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.8\u00a0mm\/min. The mean corneal temperature was significantly lower in eyes with low <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> values than in control eyes (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001). The following significant correlations were found: (i) Schirmer and breakup time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BUT<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001, <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.5); (ii) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> values and corneal surface temperature (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001, <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.256); (iii) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> values and age (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001, <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u22120.448); (iv) age and corneal surface temperature (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001, <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\u22120.281); and (v) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BUT<\/jats:styled-content> and corneal surface temperature (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.0001, <jats:italic>r\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.36). Thermography is a method that can differentiate between eyes with normal and abnormal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> values. In the future, thermography might be incorporated as part of the ophthalmic examination and perhaps become a popular ancillary test for the diagnoses of ocular surface disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T08:28:38Z","timestamp":1375345718000},"page":"28-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Infrared ocular thermography in dogs with and without keratoconjunctivitis sicca"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fl\u00e1via","family":"Biondi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1 Curitiba PR Brazil"},{"name":"Rua dos Funcion\u00e1rios 1540, Laborat\u00f3rio de Oftalmologia Comparada Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio Curitiba PR 80035\u2010050 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peterson T.","family":"Dornbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1 Curitiba PR Brazil"},{"name":"Rua dos Funcion\u00e1rios 1540, Laborat\u00f3rio de Oftalmologia Comparada Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio Curitiba PR 80035\u2010050 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuella","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1 Curitiba PR Brazil"},{"name":"Rua dos Funcion\u00e1rios 1540, Laborat\u00f3rio de Oftalmologia Comparada Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio Curitiba PR 80035\u2010050 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiano","family":"Montiani\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1 Curitiba PR Brazil"},{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences Michigan State University D\u2010208, Veterinary Medical Center East Lansing MI 48824\u20101314 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Teletermografia: princ\u00edpios f\u00edsicos, fisiol\u00f3gicos e fisiopatol\u00f3gicos da produ\u00e7\u00e3o da imagem e suas indica\u00e7\u00f5es na cl\u00ednica de dor e reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o","volume":"6","author":"Andrade Filho AC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Fisiatrica"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2009.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1995.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-7037(96)80018-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Implications of surface temperature in the diagnosis of breast cancer","volume":"75","author":"Lawson 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