{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T01:19:23Z","timestamp":1773019163214,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>corneal confocal microscopy of horses with microscopic corneal foreign bodies and to correlate findings with clinical, cytological, and histopathologic evaluations of clinical cases and foreign body morphologies observed<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>with the confocal microscope.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five horses with microscopic corneal foreign bodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sedated and anesthetized horses were examined with a modified<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>eidelberg<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>etina<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>omograph<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>ostock<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ornea<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>odule. Confocal microscopy images were compared with images from cytologic and histopathologic corneal samples. To establish microscopic morphologic features, confocal microscopy images of burdock pappus bristles and surgical glove powder were obtained by<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Horses were examined by<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>confocal microscopy to assist in identifying corneal opacities detected by slit\u2010lamp biomicroscopy, to determine the etiology of clinically idiopathic keratitis, or to localize corneal opacities presumed to be foreign bodies for surgical planning. Corneal foreign bodies presumptively identified by confocal microscopy included burdock pappus bristles, other plant foreign materials, and surgical glove powder. The corneal foreign bodies appeared as moderately or hyper\u2010reflective linear, circular, or oval structures by confocal microscopy and did not resemble any normal anatomic structures. The confocal microscopic identification of the foreign bodies was corroborated by cytologic and histopathologic findings in some horses. The<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>confocal microscopic appearance of the foreign bodies was consistent with morphologies observed during examination of foreign bodies<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>corneal confocal microscopy provides a noninvasive method for the detection, characterization, and localization of microscopic foreign bodies in the equine cornea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T09:48:47Z","timestamp":1389606527000},"page":"69-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["<i>In vivo<\/i>confocal microscopy of corneal microscopic foreign bodies in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Ledbetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nita L.","family":"Irby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deanna M. 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