{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T13:15:41Z","timestamp":1769001341657,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Case description<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 5.5\u2010year\u2010old neutered male mixed\u2010breed dog was presented for evaluation of a 5\u2010month history of deviation of the right globe upon opening the mouth and a 1\u2010month history of conjunctivitis in the same eye. Clinical findings, diagnostic imaging results, treatment and follow\u2010up are described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>When the mouth was opened, the right globe deviated rostrally and laterally. There was no pain or resistance to opening the mouth, or resistance to retropulsion of the globe. No other abnormalities were observed. Computed tomography was performed, revealing a contrast\u2010enhancing region associated with the right masseter muscle impinging into the right orbit; this was more pronounced with the mouth open. Cytology revealed a small number of mildly to moderately atypical mesenchymal cells. Histopathology was consistent with polyphasic myositis, with a predominance of lymphocytes and plasma cells. No infectious agents were identified. Serum antibody titers for<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Neospora caninum<\/jats:italic>were negative. Serum titers for 2\u00a0M antibody were positive at 1:500, consistent with a diagnosis of masticatory muscle myositis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Treatment and outcome<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therapy with prednisone was initiated. During a follow\u2010up period of 5\u00a0months, there was no recurrence of clinical signs, and the dose of prednisone was reduced by 25%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of masticatory muscle myositis causing dynamic exophthalmos and strabismus in a dog.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,26]],"date-time":"2015-02-26T11:41:12Z","timestamp":1424950872000},"page":"515-520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dynamic exophthalmos and lateral strabismus in a dog caused by masticatory muscle myositis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Czerwinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida 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