{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T09:39:15Z","timestamp":1785577155886,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe clinical,<jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>confocal microscopic, histopathologic, polymerase chain reaction assay for antigen receptor rearrangement (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARR<\/jats:styled-content>) and immunohistochemical features of a horse with suspected malignant transformation of corneal B lymphocytes in immune\u2010mediated keratitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMMK<\/jats:styled-content>) and to also report surgical management and adjunctive treatment including topical and radiation therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case description<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 15\u2010year\u2010old Oldenburg gelding was examined for presumptive progressive stromal<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMMK<\/jats:styled-content>of the right eye which became refractory to medical management. Corneal<jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>confocal microscopy revealed a marked infiltration of neovascularization, leukocytes, and dendritic cells. Superficial keratectomy was performed. Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic abnormalities of the cornea were restricted to the anterior and mid\u2010stroma and included sheets of medium\u2010size atypical lymphocytes which stained positively for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>79a and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>20 and also demonstrated clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy chain 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGH<\/jats:styled-content>2) and 3 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGH<\/jats:styled-content>3) confirming B\u2010cell lymphoma. Complete physical examination, complete blood count, serum chemistry, thoracic radiographs, and thoracic ultrasound were performed. No evidence of systemic metastasis was found. Adjunctive local therapy included topical dexamethasone, mitomycin C, and radiation therapy using electronic surface brachytherapy. Follow\u2010up at 16\u00a0months revealed a lack of corneal infiltrate and progressive clearing of corneal fibrosis and superficial pigment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case represents a unique presentation of primary corneal lymphoma in the horse. Tumor development was associated with chronic<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMMK<\/jats:styled-content>and chronic topical anti\u2010inflammatory therapy. Surgical excision with adjunctive therapy using mitomycin C and electronic surface brachytherapy was well tolerated and considered curative. Future immunohistochemistry and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PARR<\/jats:styled-content>will be important in characterizing the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IMMK<\/jats:styled-content>syndrome and its variations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,28]],"date-time":"2015-04-28T09:01:43Z","timestamp":1430211703000},"page":"172-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Suspected malignant transformation of B lymphocytes in the equine cornea from immune\u2010mediated keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lucien V.","family":"Vallone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie 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