{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T20:39:29Z","timestamp":1694464769929},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]],"date-time":"2015-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intervet Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To survey and classify anterior ocular abnormalities in 1478 captive Asian elephants (<jats:italic>Elephas maximus indicus<\/jats:italic>) in six regions of Thailand.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anterior ocular examination was performed in both eyes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02956) of 1478 elephants selected from the annual health check program involving 2958 animals within six regions of Thailand from January to November 2013. Lesions were described and compared between age and gender.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 17.83% (527\/2956) of examined eyes from 24.97% (369\/1478) of examined elephants had anterior ocular abnormalities. The most common lesions in these examined eyes were frothy ocular discharge (5.85%), corneal edema (5.31%), and conjunctivitis (5.18%). In addition, epiphora, phthisis bulbi, other corneal abnormalities, anterior uveitis, and lens abnormalities were noted. Almost all lesions increased in frequency with age (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regular ophthalmic examination in elephants should be included in their annual health check program. Early detection and treatment of any ocular abnormality may avoid the development of subsequent irreversible ocular pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,4]],"date-time":"2015-07-04T06:18:26Z","timestamp":1435990706000},"page":"269-274","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anterior ocular abnormalities of captive Asian elephants (<i>Elephas maximus indicus<\/i>) in Thailand"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Natapong","family":"Kraiwong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pornchai","family":"Sanyathitiseree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal and Wild Life Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khajohnpat","family":"Boonprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elephant Hospital National Elephant Institute Forest Industry Organization Lampang 52190 Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phiphatanachatr","family":"Diskul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal White Elephant's Stable Royal Chitrlada Palace Bangkok 10300 Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patara","family":"Charoenphan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Development National Institute of Elephant Research and Health Service Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Surin 32000 Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weerasak","family":"Pintawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock Development National Institute of Elephant Research and Health Service Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Surin 32000 Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aree","family":"Thayananuphat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species","author":"Choudhury A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"SanyathitisereeP YartbantoongN ThongthipsiridejSet\u00a0al.Elephant Health Problems: An Accumulative Case Report from the Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital\u2010Kamphaengsaen.EU\u2010Asia Link Project Symposium Managing the Health and Reproduction of Elephant Populations in Asia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand 2007;41\u201348."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344484.ch31"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"Corneal abrasion and iridocyclitis in an Elephant","volume":"5","author":"Sarma B","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intas Polivet"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Persistent corneal erosion in an Asian elephant","volume":"33","author":"Wolfer J","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/05-090.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Prevalence of eye defects in domesticated Sri Lankan elephants (Elephas maximus maximus)","volume":"27","author":"Godagama WK","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Prevalence of ocular problems among captive Asian elephants of Kerala","volume":"25","author":"Ajitkumar G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zoos' Print"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Elephant health status in Thailand: the role of mobile elephant clinic and elephant hospital","volume":"31","author":"Angkawanish T","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gajah"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344484.ch4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344484.ch7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic Techniques in Equine Medicine: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners Describing Diagnostic Techniques Applicable to the Adult Horse","author":"Taylor FGR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0846-2.00002-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-072160561-6.50012-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"261","volume-title":"Elephants and Their Diseases: A Treatise on Elephants","author":"Evans GH","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016011105560"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.1999.00072.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0173R2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470344484.ch11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-072160561-6.50013-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0846-2.00005-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00791.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"439","volume-title":"The International Seminar on Asian Elephants (June 1993)","author":"Chandrasekharan K","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2000.00107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-072160561-6.50016-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0846-2.00007-0"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvop.12296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvop.12296","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12296","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.12296","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12296","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T00:51:42Z","timestamp":1694393502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12296","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-07-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}