{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T03:10:09Z","timestamp":1748747409115,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,8]],"date-time":"2016-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe clinical features of dogs diagnosed with stromal intracorneal hemorrhage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICH<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective case series of 39 dogs (44 eyes) with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of dogs evaluated by the Cornell University ophthalmology service were searched to identify animals with a clinical diagnosis of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICH<\/jats:styled-content>between 2005 and 2014. Signalment and clinical details, including concurrent ocular disease, concurrent systemic disease, diagnostic tests performed, outcome of hemorrhage, presenting client complaint, and treatment, were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intracorneal hemorrhage was identified in 44 eyes of 39 dogs. The mean (\u00b1standard deviation) age of dogs was 11.5 years (\u00b12.8 years). The Bichon Frise breed and older dogs were statistically over\u2010represented relative to the entire ophthalmology service canine referral population during the same time period. Concurrent ocular disease was present in 40 eyes (91%) and included keratoconjunctivitis sicca, cataracts, and corneal ulcers. Twenty\u2010three dogs (59%) suffered from concurrent systemic disease, most frequently diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, and systemic hypertension. Less commonly, life\u2010threatening systemic conditions were identified in dogs with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICH<\/jats:styled-content>including immune\u2010mediated hemolytic anemia, immune\u2010mediated thrombocytopenia, metastatic neoplasia, and sepsis. Intracorneal hemorrhage was found in all corneal locations, and corneal vascularization was present in each affected eye.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intracorneal hemorrhage is an uncommon condition in dogs that occurs in association with corneal vascularization. The risk of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICH<\/jats:styled-content>may be increased due to certain ocular and systemic diseases. Although uncommon,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICH<\/jats:styled-content>may also be an ocular manifestation of severe immune\u2010mediated, infectious, and neoplastic systemic diseases in dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,10]],"date-time":"2016-01-10T14:23:48Z","timestamp":1452435828000},"page":"27-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Intracorneal stromal hemorrhage in dogs and its associations with ocular and systemic disease: 39 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nathaniel P.","family":"Violette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric 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