{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T02:19:26Z","timestamp":1772849966414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]],"date-time":"2016-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007765","name":"Kansas State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify conjunctival bacterial flora in healthy adult and newborn kid goats in the Midwestern United States and to compare vaginal and ocular surface flora in dam\u2010kid pairs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty mixed\u2010breed (crosses between Boer, Kiko, and Syfan Spanish) goats, 20 adult does and 10 newborn kids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>One eye of 15 adult goats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 15 eyes) and 5 kids (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 5 eyes) was randomly selected. A subset of 5 adults (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 10 eyes) and 5 kids (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 10 eyes) underwent bilateral sampling. Each recently kidded dam's vaginal canal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 10) was also sampled. Two swabs were collected from each sample site for aerobic bacterial culture and<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>spp.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the animals with positive cultures, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were the most common bacterial genera from the conjunctival sac of adult (16\/17; 94%) and kid (5\/5; 100%) goats; three adults and 5 kids had no growth of bacteria on aerobic culture.<jats:italic>Moraxella bovoculi<\/jats:italic>was the most common single bacteria in adults, in 9 eyes (36%) of 8 animals (40%).<jats:italic>Staphylococcus equorum<\/jats:italic>was identified in all 5 kids with positive cultures.<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>sp.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>was detected in 7 animals.<jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>sp.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>was not detected in any sample. Four of 10 dam\u2010kid pairs had identical bacteria isolated from the dam's vaginal sample and the kid's conjunctival sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Staphylococcus and Streptococcus were the most common conjunctival bacterial genera in this goatherd.<jats:italic>Moraxella bovoculi<\/jats:italic>was the most common single bacteria isolated from adults, and<jats:italic>Staphylococcus equorum<\/jats:italic>was the most common bacteria in kids.<jats:italic>Mycoplasma<\/jats:italic>sp. occurred infrequently at the ocular surface of adult and kid goats. A convincing association between dam\u2010kid vaginal\u2013conjunctival samples was not identified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]],"date-time":"2016-01-18T10:22:38Z","timestamp":1453112558000},"page":"40-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of conjunctival bacterial flora in a herd of goats in the Midwestern United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Meekins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University 1800 Denison Avenue, Mosier Hall Manhattan KS 66506 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Apley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University 1800 Denison Avenue, Mosier Hall Manhattan KS 66506 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Lubbers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology Kansas State University 1800 Denison Avenue Mosier Hall Manhattan KS 66506 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lalitha","family":"Peddireddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology Kansas State University 1800 Denison Avenue Mosier Hall Manhattan KS 66506 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University 1800 Denison Avenue, Mosier Hall Manhattan KS 66506 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30030-X"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms","volume":"49","author":"Everett KD","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2014.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800051268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay for Diagnosis of Animal Diseases","author":"Lauerman LH","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1968.tb09038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1970.tb15771.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.07.949","article-title":"Conjunctival microbial flora of clinically normal pigs","volume":"55","author":"Davidson HJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.08.1142","article-title":"Ophthalmic examination and conjunctival bacteriologic culture results from a herd of North American bison","volume":"215","author":"Davidson HJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.07.1061","article-title":"Bacterial and mycoplasmal flora of the healthy camelid conjunctival sac","volume":"52","author":"Gionfriddo JR","year":"1991","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9846(17)30003-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1976.tb06947.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1972.161.02.201","article-title":"Conjunctival flora of clinically normal dogs","volume":"161","author":"Urban M","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1996.tb02415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"A survey of the conjunctival flora of clinically normal cats and cats with conjunctivitis","volume":"21","author":"Shewen PE","year":"1980","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"1388","article-title":"Conjunctival flora of fifty healthy goats in sebele farm, gaborone, Botswana","volume":"6","author":"Mushi EZ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Bacterial flora of normal conjunctiva of native goats in Northwestern Iran","volume":"10","author":"Araghi\u2010Sorreh A","year":"2013","journal-title":"Global veterinaria"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(90)50053-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64333-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"Ulcerative blepharitis and conjunctivitis in adult dairy cows and association with Moraxella bovoculi","volume":"51","author":"Galvao KN","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638714551403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.115.8.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.118.8.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(00)01262-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-008-9178-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701352"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.72.6.448"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.06.1214","article-title":"Mycoplasma bovoculi infection increases ocular colonization by Moraxella ovis in calves","volume":"47","author":"Rosenbusch RF","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"A mycoplasma isolated from cattle with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis","volume":"33","author":"Langford EV","year":"1969","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvop.12348","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvop.12348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T04:45:03Z","timestamp":1748753103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12348","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-01-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}