{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:24:05Z","timestamp":1780417445948,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to establish a reference value of tear production and intraocular pressure in clinically normal ducks and geese.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population consisted of forty\u2010eight ducks (24 males and 24 females) and fifty\u2010two geese (26 males and 26 females).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Birds were gently physically restrained in dorsoventral position without any pressure to the head and neck. Tear secretion and intraocular pressure were measured using 5\u2010mm\u2010wide Schirmer tear test strips and TonoVet<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> rebound tonometer, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall mean \u00b1 2<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD STT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP<\/jats:styled-content> values of all eyes were 6.2 \u00b1 2.2 mm\/min and 10.2 \u00b1 2.2 mmHg, respectively, for the ducks; 5.5 \u00b1 2.6 mm\/min and 9.1 \u00b1 2.0 mmHg, respectively, for the geese. There was no statistically significant difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP<\/jats:styled-content> between left eye and right eye or between males and females in ducks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.56, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.63) and geese (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.23, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.22). Analysis of variance revealed that there were no significant differences in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IOP<\/jats:styled-content> between the breeds in ducks (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.49, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.68) and geese (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.14, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.26).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results of this study may be beneficial for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of ducks and geese affected with Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, glaucoma, and uveitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]],"date-time":"2016-01-20T13:19:46Z","timestamp":1453295986000},"page":"53-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Measurement of tear production and intraocular pressure in ducks and geese"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Maneli","family":"Ansari Mood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University  Payam Blvd  Sarv Sq, Saadat Abad Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5065-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Mehdi","family":"Rajaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College Veterinary Medicine Karaj Branch Islamic Azad University  Moazen Blvd 31485\u2010313 Alborz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohail","family":"Ghazanfari Hashemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Iranian pet hospital  Pasdaran St. Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Madingley Road CB3 0ES Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Sadjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University  Payam Blvd  Sarv Sq, Saadat Abad Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-2874-8.00012-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Grzimek's Animal Life Resource","author":"Grzimek B","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Adler's Physiology of the Eye","author":"Lemp MA","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.10.1181"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(90)50062-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.107.4.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2007-0126.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12123"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00573.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2012-0144R1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2010-0103.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/2012-032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"673","volume-title":"Avian Medicine: Principles and Application","author":"Williams D","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"284","article-title":"The modified Schirmer tear test in birds\u2010a method for checking lacrimal gland function","volume":"26","author":"Korbel R","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztliche Praxis. 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