{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:20:09Z","timestamp":1787930409887,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]],"date-time":"2016-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the technique and utility of three\u2010dimensional (3D) printing for orbital and peri\u2010orbital masses and discuss other potential applications for 3D printing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three dogs with a chronic history of nonpainful exophthalmos.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Computed tomography (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>) and subsequent 3D printing of the head was performed on each case.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content>confirmed a confined mass, and an ultrasound\u2010guided biopsy was obtained in each circumstance. An orbitotomy was tentatively planned for each case, and a 3D print of each head with the associated globe and mass was created to assist in surgical planning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In case 1, the mass was located in the cranioventral aspect of the right orbit, and the histopathologic diagnosis was adenoma. In case 2, the mass was located within the lateral masseter muscle, ventral to the right orbit between the zygomatic arch and the ramus of the mandible. The histopathologic diagnosis in case 2 was consistent with a lipoma. In case 3, the mass was located in the ventral orbit, and the histopathologic diagnosis was histiocytic cellular infiltrate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three\u2010dimensional printing in cases with orbital and peri\u2010orbital masses has exceptional potential for improved surgical planning and provides another modality for visualization to help veterinarians, students, and owners understand distribution of disease. Additionally, as the techniques of 3D printing continue to evolve, the potential exists to revolutionize ocular surgery and drug delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,23]],"date-time":"2016-01-23T01:31:28Z","timestamp":1453512688000},"page":"58-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional printing of orbital and peri\u2010orbital masses in three dogs and its potential applications in veterinary ophthalmology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Dorbandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign 1008 W. 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