{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:55:51Z","timestamp":1792223751828,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the indications for exenteration and complications associated with the procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>115 cattle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of cattle presented for unilateral exenteration evaluated at the University of California, Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from January 1985 through December 2015 were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Median (range) age at presentation for all cattle was 6 (0.2\u201330) years. The most prevalent (80.9%) indication for exenteration was squamous cell carcinoma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>). Cattle &gt;5 years had higher odds (OR = 11.2, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.8\u201345.8) for undergoing exenteration due to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>compared to cattle \u22645 years. Herefords had higher odds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>= 4.6, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.5\u201314.6) for undergoing exenteration for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>compared to other breeds. Holsteins had higher odds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>= 140.7, 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 7.5\u20132644) for undergoing exenteration for retrobulbar lymphoma compared to other breeds. Complications following exenteration were reported in 15 cases (13.0%). The postsurgical complications were orbital abscesses (6\/15), recurrence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>(5\/15), wound dehiscence (3\/15), and excessive hemorrhage (1\/15). Median (range) time to occurrence of postsurgical complications was 19 (5\u2013205) days. There was no significant association (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt; 0.05) between ocular diagnosis, age, anesthetic technique or the suture pattern used to close the skin postsurgically, and occurrence of postsurgical complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early clinical diagnosis of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCC<\/jats:styled-content>by owners and veterinarians may prevent the need for exenteration. Owners should be made aware of the possible postsurgical complications following exenteration in cattle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T05:37:03Z","timestamp":1479965823000},"page":"435-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Transpalpebral exenteration in cattle: a retrospective study of 115 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Munashe","family":"Chigerwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Angelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Gamsj\u00e4eger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William R. 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