{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:26:36Z","timestamp":1789745196854,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007698","name":"University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tetracyclines have activity against matrix metalloproteinases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>). Oral medications with effects on the ocular surface are of interest in patients where repeated topical dosing is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the concentration of minocycline in the tears of normal horses after oral administration and to determine if this level directly inhibits<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five healthy adult ponies were administered oral minocycline (Wedgewood Pharmacy; Swedesboro,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NJ<\/jats:styled-content>) at 4 mg\/kg every 12 h for 5 days. Tears were collected at<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>= 2, 26, 50, 56, 74, 80, and 98 h. Tear minocycline concentrations were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The inhibition of recombinant human<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 by minocycline was investigated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minocycline was present in the tears of each pony at every measurement but with interpony variability. A mean concentration of 11.8 \u03bcg\/mL was present 2 h after administration of the first dose. Minocycline did not directly inhibit<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 function at a concentration achieved in the pony tear film.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minocycline was present in the tears of all ponies at each sampling point following oral administration. One pony of the five had consistently lower levels of minocycline secretion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2264 0.05). The concentration secreted in the tears did not directly inhibit<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 when tested<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The inconsistencies in the tear concentration and the inhibition activity suggest topical application may be necessary to attain direct inhibition of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>with minocycline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]],"date-time":"2017-06-09T12:56:31Z","timestamp":1497012991000},"page":"58-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The presence of minocycline in the tear film of normal horses following oral administration and its anticollagenase activity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Caroline S.","family":"Monk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Young","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Shands School of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel James","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Shands School of Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caryn E.","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville FL USA"},{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2000.3230111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(91)90300-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318269ccd0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Inhibition of pseudomonal ulceration in rabbit corneas by a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor","volume":"37","author":"Barletta J","year":"1996","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(01)00913-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.10.1341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(00)00482-8","article-title":"Penetration of topical and oral ofloxacin into the aqueous and vitreous humor of inflamed rabbit eyes","volume":"204","author":"Ozturk F","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9694-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041858"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.176.10.1061","article-title":"Pharmacotherapeutics of the newer tetracyclines","volume":"176","author":"Aronson A","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199906)42:6<1140::AID-ANR10>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Specificity of inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity by doxycycline \u2010 relationship to structure of the enzyme","volume":"42","author":"Smith G","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.8.1170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.125989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.36023","article-title":"High MMP\u20109 activity levels in fragile X syndrome are lowered by minocycline","volume":"20","author":"Dziembowska M","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Medical Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.9.1062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(03)00247-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00686191","article-title":"The tetracycline analog minocycline and doxycycline inhibit angiogenesis in\u2010vitro by a non\u2010metalloproteinase\u2010dependent mechanism","volume":"36","author":"Gilbertson\u2010Beadlings S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.75.5.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00665-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03136.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516408X251921"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.6.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2003.00284.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.042267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","article-title":"Comparative pharmacokinetics of minocycline in foals and adult horses","author":"Gigu\u00e8re S","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.2.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Inhibition of purified collagenase from alkali\u2010burned rabbit corneas","volume":"30","author":"Burns F","year":"1989","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2015.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(99)00279-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","first-page":"570","article-title":"Prevention of stromal ulceration in the alkali\u2010burned rabbit cornea by glued\u2010on contact\u2010lens \u2010 evidence for the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in collagen degradation","volume":"18","author":"Kenyon K","year":"1979","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048672"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvop.12479","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12479","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T02:42:03Z","timestamp":1750300923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12479","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-06-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}