{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:12:07Z","timestamp":1782227527389,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the most common bacterial pathogens associated with septic keratitis in veterinary patients from Switzerland. The second objective was to analyze antibiotic susceptibility test results of the identified bacterial pathogens. The third objective was to evaluate potential breed predispositions to septic keratitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and fifty\u2010five cultures and antibiotic susceptibility reports from dogs, cats, and horses with septic keratitis that were presented to the University of Zurich Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between 2009 and 2013 were reviewed. Odds ratios for the risk of having a septic keratitis were estimated for all dog and cat breeds compared to the general nonbrachycephalic hospital population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010six, 29, and 31 positive cultures were obtained from 89 canine, 28 feline, and 29 equine eyes, respectively. Repeat sampling accounted for the differences in numbers. Negative culture results were obtained in 50, 31, and 18 cases. Staphylococci and streptococci accounted for 66% of the isolates in dogs and 80% of the isolates in cats and horses.<jats:italic>Staphylococcus spp<\/jats:italic>. had a higher percentage of fluoroquinolone\u2010resistant isolates compared to previous reports. Brachycephalic breeds had elevated odds ratios for the presence of septic keratitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identified bacterial pathogens and their prevalence as well as the elevated odds ratios for septic keratitis in brachycephalics are roughly consistent with previous studies. Based on systemic breakpoint data, resistance to commonly used topical antibiotics, including the second\u2010generation fluoroquinolones, was found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12480","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]],"date-time":"2017-05-29T12:26:37Z","timestamp":1496060797000},"page":"66-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Septic keratitis in dogs, cats, and horses in Switzerland: associated bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Anja","family":"Suter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology Equine Department Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Voelter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology Equine Department Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Hartnack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard Martin","family":"Spiess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology Equine Department Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon Anton","family":"Pot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ophthalmology Equine Department Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12042","article-title":"Equine keratomycosis in Switzerland: a retrospective evaluation of 35 horses (Jan 2000\u2013Aug 2011)","volume":"45","author":"Voelter Ratson K","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286589609080122"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"506","volume-title":"Slatter's Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Maggs DJ","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"184","volume-title":"Slatter's Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Maggs DJ","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"976","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Ledbetter EC","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1988.193.02.242","article-title":"Pathogenic bacteria and fungi associated with external ocular diseases in dogs: 131 cases (1981\u20131986)","volume":"193","author":"Gerding PA","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1096-2867(03)90016-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"1354","volume-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat","author":"Greene CE","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12325"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.04061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","unstructured":"MoralesA ValinhosMAR SalvadegoMet al.Microbiological and clinical aspects of corneal ulcers in dogs. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings.2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2003.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00767.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164054530731"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1996.tb02415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118675014","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Therapy in Veterinary Medicine","author":"Gigu\u00e8re S","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","unstructured":"WHO.Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance.2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(00)00179-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00716-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3933"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3176","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-3201","article-title":"Concentration and bioavailability of ciprofloxacin and teicoplanin in the cornea","volume":"50","author":"Kaye SB","year":"2009","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(11)80043-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"850","volume-title":"Miller's Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Evans HE","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.1985.tb00828.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63413-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.11.1671","article-title":"Usefulness of aerobic microbial culture and cytologic evaluation of corneal specimens in the diagnosis of infectious ulcerative keratitis in animals","volume":"215","author":"Massa KL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(90)50053-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(80)50031-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","first-page":"793","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Spiess BM","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Ocular bacteria and mycoplasma of the clinically normal cat","volume":"3","author":"Campbell LH","year":"1973","journal-title":"Feline Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"A survey of the conjunctival flora of clinically normal cats and cats with conjunctivitis","volume":"21","author":"Shewen PE","year":"1980","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1983.182.03.241","article-title":"Pathogenic bacteria and fungi associated with extraocular disease in the horse","volume":"182","author":"McLaughlin SA","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.231","article-title":"In vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial keratitis isolates in Oxford, UK: a 10\u2010year review","volume":"25","author":"Orlans HO","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118675014.ch18"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118675014.ch14"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2000.3230121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118675014.ch9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Update on antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates from canine and feline otitis externa","volume":"47","author":"Hariharan H","year":"2006","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123827"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13287"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4638"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvop.12480","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12480","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T20:52:55Z","timestamp":1750279975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12480","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}