{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:20:16Z","timestamp":1787498416134,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To characterize ocular and neurologic findings, causes, and treatment outcomes of dogs with optic neuritis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Procedure<\/jats:title>\n Medical records from dogs with a diagnosis of optic neuritis at North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Hospital between 1983 and 2016 were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Ninety\u2010six cases (20 unilateral, 76 bilateral), comprised of 38 males and 58 females with a mean age of 6.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.0\u00a0years (range 0.5\u201013), were identified. Seventy\u2010four cases were presented for vision loss, and 42 had other concurrent neurologic abnormalities. Funduscopic findings included optic nerve head elevation (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 92), peripapillary retinal edema or separation (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 37), retinal hemorrhage or dilation of retinal vasculature (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 23), and multiple inflammatory foci in the peripapillary region (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 13). Retrobulbar optic neuritis was diagnosed in four cases. The final diagnoses included the following: multifocal meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (\n MUE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 35), isolated optic neuritis (I\u2010\n ON<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 42), neoplasia (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 10), microbial infection (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 6), orbital inflammation (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 2), and suspected ivermectin toxicosis (\n n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n =\n \u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n 1). Dogs with I\u2010\n ON<\/jats:styled-content>\n were more commonly male, and medium\u2010to\u2010large breed, when compared to dogs with\n MUE<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Follow\u2010up was available in 72 cases, 50 of which remained blind, 10 had partial visual improvement, and 12 were assessed as having normal vision in the affected eye(s).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Optic neuritis was most commonly associated with multifocal\n MUE<\/jats:styled-content>\n or was isolated as the sole neurologic finding, with a similar incidence between the two groups. Findings suggest that a clinical syndrome of isolated optic neuritis, distinct from multifocal\n MUE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , occurs in dogs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T08:28:00Z","timestamp":1513585680000},"page":"442-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Optic neuritis in dogs: 96 cases (1983\u20102016)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh NC 27607 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans D.","family":"Westermeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh NC 27607 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Mariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh NC 27607 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"Gilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh NC 27607 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Raleigh NC 27607 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