{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:43:46Z","timestamp":1773099826083,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a successful, simple treatment for canine distichiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Client\u2010owned dogs presenting to Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Levittown, Pennsylvania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis of medical records for canine patients that underwent transconjunctival thermal electrocautery treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCEC<\/jats:styled-content>) for distichiasis alone or with concurrent eyelid surgery between 2013 and 2016. Fifty eyes of 26 dogs (n = 88 eyelids) were included in the study. Sixty\u2010five eyelids (74%) were treated for distichia only, while 23 eyelids (26%) underwent concurrent eyelid surgery. Successful treatment was defined as resolution of clinical signs attributable to distichiasis. Forty\u2010eight of 50 eyes (96%) were successfully treated with a single<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCEC<\/jats:styled-content>treatment (mean follow\u2010up 187 \u00b1 222 days). Sixty\u2010one of 88 eyelids (69%) had no distichia at any follow\u2010up time. Twenty\u2010two eyelids (25%) had recurrence at or near a previously treated site (mean 150 \u00b1 152 days). Of the eyes with recurrent distichia, all but 2 (91%) remained asymptomatic, requiring no further treatment. One dog with extensive<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCEC<\/jats:styled-content>treatment had significant recurrence on all eyelids requiring retreatment that resulted in focal entropion of 1 eyelid. Transient eyelid margin pigment loss and mild\u2010to\u2010moderate eyelid swelling were noted in all treated eyelids postoperatively. Suspected treatment site infection occurred 2 days postoperatively in 2\/50 eyes (4%) of 1 patient. Two of 10 eyes (20%) with extensive eyelid treatment developed qualitative tear film deficiency<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OU<\/jats:styled-content>(554 days postoperatively) and responded to topical tear stimulant therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCEC<\/jats:styled-content>is a successful, simple treatment for canine distichiasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1519900604000},"page":"50-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of transconjunctival thermal electrocautery for treatment of canine distichiasis: 88 eyelids (2013\u20102016)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0193-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelli L","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois Urbana\u2010Champaign College of Veterinary Medicine Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelby L","family":"Reinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Partners Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center Levittown PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00946.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"The treatment of canine distichiasis by method of partial tarsal plate excision","volume":"15","author":"Bedford P","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"840","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Stades F","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1970.157.03.342","article-title":"Variation of canine distichiasis","volume":"157","author":"Bellhorn RW","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"874","article-title":"Surgical management of canine distichia","volume":"150","author":"Halliwell W","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PlummerC.Distichiasis. 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