{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T01:50:26Z","timestamp":1773971426040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the aerobic conjunctival bacterial flora of 3 especies of free\u2010living and under human care sea turtles and determine its antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010six sea turtles (72 eyes), juveniles and adults, 7 free\u2010living<jats:italic>Chelonia mydas<\/jats:italic>and 8<jats:italic>Chelonia mydas<\/jats:italic>, 4<jats:italic>Caretta caretta<\/jats:italic>, 11<jats:italic>Eretmochelys imbricata<\/jats:italic>, and 6<jats:italic>Lepidochelys olivacea<\/jats:italic>under human care, were evaluated. Conjunctival cultures were collected for identification of aerobic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, neomycin, oxacillin, polymyxin B, tetracycline, and tobramycin using antibiotic disks. Bacterial strains showing no sensitivity to 4 or more antimicrobials were considered multiresistant to this panel.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial growth was observed in 12\/14 (85.71%) samples in the free\u2010living sea turtles, and there was growth in 100% (58\/58) of the samples from captive animals. There were 94 strains isolated and 15 species identified. There was a predominance of Gram\u2010positive bacteria in free\u2010living<jats:italic>Chelonia mydas<\/jats:italic>, most of which were<jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>. The most commonly isolated Gram\u2010negative species were enterobacteria for free\u2010living and under human care animals. The strains were predominantly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and tobramycin, and less sensitive to oxacillin or polymyxin B. Ten multiresistant strains were isolated. Yeast were identified in 13.89% (10\/72) of the samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results, showing differences in the conjunctival bacterial flora of free\u2010living and captive animals, may be helpful for diagnosis and treatment of ocular disorders in sea turtles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T20:06:27Z","timestamp":1530216387000},"page":"246-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Conjunctival bacterial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility of captive and free\u2010living sea turtles in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Vin\u00edcius","family":"Cardoso\u2010Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny Federal University of Bahia UFBA Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia S.","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny Federal University of Bahia UFBA Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds T.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Centro Brasileiro de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o e Pesquisa das Tartarugas Marinhas (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00f3\u2010Tamar) Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa H.","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny Federal University of Bahia UFBA Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianne P.","family":"Ori\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny Federal University of Bahia UFBA Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"SeminoffJA.Southwest Fisheries Science Center U.S. Chelonia mydas.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: 1\u201320."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao063013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Abreu\u2010GroboisA PlotkinP.Lepidochelys olivacea.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008:1\u201327."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"MortimerJA DonnellYM.Eretmochelys imbricata.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: 1\u201341."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"WallaceBP TiwariM GirondotM.Dermochelys coriacea.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: 1\u201322."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"CasaleP TuckerAD.Caretta caretta.The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: 1\u201319."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00397131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"FAO species catalogue. 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