{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:04:55Z","timestamp":1788199495576,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1534291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009227","name":"Iowa State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C3919R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3919R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To perform detailed analysis of retinal changes in dogs with\n SARDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n using optical coherence tomography (\n OCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), funduscopy, and molecular analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Animals<\/jats:title>\n \n Subjects were 29 dogs from 12\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n states and Canada diagnosed with\n SARDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n by 8 ophthalmologists. An additional 7 eyes from 5 deceased\n SARDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n dogs were used for molecular and histological analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Procedures<\/jats:title>\n \n Dogs were evaluated using chromatic pupil light reflex testing (\n cPLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and electroretinography (\n ERG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including funduscopy, retinal photography, and\n OCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n , in addition to complete laboratory analysis, blood pressure evaluation, abdominal and thoracic radiographs, and computerized tomography (\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) imaging to assess possible systemic abnormalities. Histology and immunohistochemistry analysis was performed in 2\n SARDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n eyes. Microarray analysis was performed in 5\n SARDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n retinas.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty\u2010eight percent of patients had <1\u2010mm wide retinal detachments (\n RD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) on\n OCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n analysis, which could not be detected by funduscopy or retinal photographs. Systemic hypertension did not seem to be a contributing factor (\n RD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 22.2%;\n ND<\/jats:styled-content>\n 20%, Odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.1). No dogs showed neoplastic changes by thoracic or abdominal radiography, or\n CT<\/jats:styled-content>\n imaging. There was no statistically significant difference in age (\n RD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 7.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.9\u00a0years (mean \u00b1\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n );\n ND<\/jats:styled-content>\n 7.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0years,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.69) or duration of blindness prior to presentation (\n RD<\/jats:styled-content>\n 18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07\u00a0days (mean\u00b1\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n );\n ND<\/jats:styled-content>\n 21\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0days,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a00.28). Microarray and histology analysis of\n SARDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n eyes revealed molecular changes suggestive of immune\u2010mediated damage.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Observed histological, molecular, and\n OCT<\/jats:styled-content>\n changes are highly suggestive of immune\u2010mediated damage in\n SARDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n eyes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,15]],"date-time":"2018-08-15T03:16:30Z","timestamp":1534302990000},"page":"305-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Optical coherence tomography and molecular analysis of sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (\n SARDS<\/scp>\n ) eyes suggests the immune\u2010mediated nature of retinal damage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sinisa D.","family":"Grozdanic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Ames Iowa"},{"name":"Animal Eye Consultants of Iowa Hiawatha Iowa"},{"name":"TL VetPath International Consultants Hiawatha Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Lazic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Ames Iowa"},{"name":"Animal Eye Consultants of Iowa Hiawatha Iowa"},{"name":"TL VetPath International Consultants Hiawatha Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Kecova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Ames Iowa"},{"name":"Animal Eye Consultants of Iowa Hiawatha Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabhilan","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Ames Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus H.","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Roy J. and Lucille A. 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