{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T14:23:59Z","timestamp":1777386239196,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the conjunctiva and factors influencing these microbiota of healthy cats. To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile and discuss the use of appropriate antimicrobial drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and twenty healthy cats<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conjunctival samples with dry or premoistened swabs were obtained from both eyes and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi. In vitro bacterial, susceptibility testing was performed. The effects of age, sex, breed, season, living environment, and sample collection technique on the frequency and composition of microbial isolation were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 49 of 120 cats (40.8%) and 73 of 240 swabs (30.4%), microorganisms were isolated. Of the isolates, 71% (61\/86) were Gram\u2010positive bacteria, 26% (22\/86) were Gram\u2010negative bacteria, and 3% (3\/86) were fungi.<jats:italic>Staphylococcus felis<\/jats:italic>(17\/86; 19.8%) was the most commonly isolated species.<jats:italic>Moraxella osloensis<\/jats:italic>(5\/86; 5.8%) was the most frequent Gram\u2010negative species. The season had a statistically significant influence (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) on the frequency of isolation. The use of premoistened swabs increased the rate of Gram\u2010positive bacterial detection significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.03). The in\u00a0vitro susceptibility testing showed high efficacy of chloramphenicol, gentamicin, pradofloxacin, and enrofloxacin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The isolated microbiota aligns with previous studies performed in other countries, although the microbiota of cats in the present study showed wider bacterial diversity, and more Gram\u2010negative species were isolated. Swab sampling should be performed with premoistened swabs. The topical antimicrobials gentamicin and chloramphenicol are suitable therapeutics for first\u2010line treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,10]],"date-time":"2018-08-10T09:33:43Z","timestamp":1533893623000},"page":"328-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Microbiota of the conjunctival sac of 120 healthy cats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jessica Nina","family":"B\u00fcttner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LABOKLIN GmbH &amp; Co. 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