{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:48:52Z","timestamp":1769082532896,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal Health","award":["2014-54R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-54R"]}]},{"name":"UC Davis Cello Funds"},{"name":"Center for Equine Health","award":["14-18R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-18R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of topically applied proparacaine on bacterial and fungal culture results and to compare cytologic and culture results in patients with ulcerative keratitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Corneal samples were collected from 33 dogs, 19 horses, and 12 cats with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis. Samples for bacterial (dogs, cats, horses) and fungal (horses) cultures were collected prior to and following application of 0.5% proparacaine or saline. All patients then received a topical anesthetic, and samples were collected for cytology. Frequency of cultivatable bacteria before (Swab 1) and after (Swab 2) application of proparacaine or saline was compared using Fisher's exact test. Homogeneity of culture and cytology results was assessed using McNemar's test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No difference was detected in number of animals from which bacteria were isolated from Swab 1 or Swab 2 for proparacaine (21\/37 and 17\/37, respectively) or saline (10\/27 and 12\/27, respectively). Small numbers prevented analysis of fungal culture results in horses between Swab 1 and Swab 2 for proparacaine (2\/12 and 1\/12, respectively) or saline (both, 1\/8). Bacteria were isolated from 10 of 20 horses and detected cytologically in 3 of these; fungi were isolated from 3 of 20 horses and detected cytologically in 2 of these. Bacteria were detected more frequently using culture (31\/64) than cytology (19\/64).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proparacaine did not significantly alter bacterial or fungal culture results in cats, dogs, or horses; however, clinical significance warrants investigation. Culture and cytology provided complementary data; both should be performed to maximize organism detection in patients with ulcerative keratitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]],"date-time":"2018-09-08T02:59:03Z","timestamp":1536375543000},"page":"415-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Effect of topical application of 0.5% proparacaine on corneal culture results from 33 dogs, 12 cats, and 19 horses with spontaneously arising ulcerative keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sydney G.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Maggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences University of California Davis California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology &amp; Immunology University of California Davis California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip H.","family":"Kass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health &amp; Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Lassaline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences University of California Davis California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200005000-00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199711000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"ChampagneE PickettP.The effect of topical 0.5% proparacaine HCl on corneal and conjunctival culture results (abstract). 26th Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists1995;144."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5216.2001.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"HerringIP ChampagneES PickettJP.Post\u2010anesthesia Schirmer Tear Test Values in Dogs (abstract). 26th Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary 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