{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:55:42Z","timestamp":1773010542749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007703","name":"North Carolina State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\u20103278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\u20103278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007703","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate tissue levels, safety, and efficacy of topical ophthalmic 0.5% and 1% pirfenidone in decreasing subconjunctival fibrosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve normal beagle dogs<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 5\u00a0\u00d7\u00a01\u00a0mm diameter silicone disk was implanted subconjunctivally in one eye, and then dogs were treated with topical 0.5% pirfenidone (n\u00a0=\u00a09) in artificial tears or artificial tears alone (n\u00a0=\u00a03) for 28\u00a0days. To evaluate tissue drug levels, a single sample of tears, conjunctiva, and aqueous humor was collected 30 (n\u00a0=\u00a03), 90 (n\u00a0=\u00a03), and 180\u00a0min (n\u00a0=\u00a03) following administration of the last drop of pirfenidone, respectively. Fibrous capsule thickness and staining for Ki67 and fibroblast activation protein alpha (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAP<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1) were evaluated histologically. After a 2\u2010week washout, the experiment was repeated in the opposite eye and using 1% pirfenidone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with pirfenidone resulted in thinner fibrous capsules and decreased staining for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAP<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 with no adverse effects. The implant in one dog treated with pirfenidone extruded. There was no difference in tissue levels, capsular thickness, or staining for Ki67 or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FAP<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 between dogs treated with 0.5% or 1% pirfenidone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pirfenidone may decrease fibrosis following glaucoma shunt surgery and can potentially be used indefinitely due to minimal side effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T03:19:53Z","timestamp":1548904793000},"page":"502-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Safety and efficacy of topically applied 0.5% and 1% pirfenidone in a canine model of subconjunctival fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hans D.","family":"Westermeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical 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