{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T08:53:29Z","timestamp":1782464009481,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine long\u2010term outcome of phacoemulsification in raptors at the University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven nonreleasable diurnal raptors including, four bald eagles (<jats:italic>Haliaeetus leucocephalus<\/jats:italic>), two red\u2010tailed hawks (<jats:italic>Buteo jamaicensis<\/jats:italic>), and one peregrine falcon (<jats:italic>Falco peregrinus<\/jats:italic>) that had undergone phacoemulsification. All birds showed behavioral changes attributable to visual deficits prior to surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>All birds underwent phacoemulsification for cataracts. Four underwent bilateral phacoemulsification, and three had unilateral surgery. Due to a low sample size, statistics were not done.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six raptors (nine eyes) had long\u2010term follow\u2010up (median 75\u00a0months, range 28 to 105\u00a0months). Seven of these eyes (78%) were visual at last examination. Of those visual eyes, two developed mild to moderate posterior synechiae, four had mild to moderate capsular opacities, and one developed a lipid keratopathy. The remaining two eyes with long\u2010term follow\u2010up were from the same red\u2010tailed hawk. Both eyes developed fibropupillary membranes that were blinding. One eye was pseudophakic, and the other was aphakic and also developed a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Another bald eagle was euthanized two months after surgery due to refractory glaucoma; one eye was pseudophakic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phacoemulsification is a viable treatment for captive raptors with cataracts. The most severe complications occurred relatively soon after surgery. Captive raptors appear to adapt well to aphakia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]],"date-time":"2019-02-06T14:06:25Z","timestamp":1549461985000},"page":"360-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long\u2010term outcome of phacoemulsification in raptors\u2014A retrospective study (1999\u20102014)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Alex B.","family":"Sigmund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane V.H.","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151099"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00899.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00618.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0071.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/2012-032"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"1302","article-title":"Ocular lesions in free\u2010 living raptors","volume":"181","author":"Murphy CJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.23.734"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.4.559"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Lens extraction by phacoemulsification in two raptors","volume":"185","author":"Kern TJ","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Bilateral cataract extraction in a crow","volume":"33","author":"Keller CB","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-937X(97)80020-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"1298","article-title":"Surgical correction of a luxated cataractous lens in a barred owl","volume":"183","author":"Brooks DE","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12120"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0245R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Cataracts in 44 dogs (77 eyes): A comparison of outcomes for no treatment, topical medical management, or phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation","volume":"52","author":"Lim CC","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2004.04034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.05.781","article-title":"Use of biometry and keratometry for determining optimal power for intraocular lens implants in dogs","volume":"52","author":"Gaiddon J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.02.131","article-title":"Keratometry, ultrasonic biometry, and prediction of intraocular lens power in the feline eye","volume":"59","author":"Gilger BC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"The pathology of after\u2010cataract. 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